Rocks & Minerals
What is the name of the scale used to classify minerals based on their hardness, with a range from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest)?
Mohs Scale
What instrument measures wind speed?
Anemometer
What are the large sections into which the Earth's lithosphere is divided?
Tectonic Plates
What is the name for the shaking or trembling of the Earth's surface caused by sudden movement along a fault?
Earthquakes
What type of volcano has gentle slopes and tends to erupt non-explosively?
Shield Volcano
What type of rock is formed from cooling magma or lava?
Igneous Rock
What type of cloud is typically associated with thunderstorms?
Cumulonimbus
What is the term for the process by which two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally, often resulting in earthquakes?
Transform Boundary
What is the Richter scale used to measure?
Magnitude of Earthquakes
What is the term for a large depression formed by the collapse of a volcano's magma chamber?
Caldera
What causes green coloration in some rocks?
Copper
What is the name for the boundary between two air masses of different densities and usually different temperatures?
Front
What type of boundary occurs where two tectonic plates move away from each other?
Divergent Boundary
What is the name for the point within the Earth where an earthquake originates?
Focus
What is the name for a volcano that hasn't erupted in a long time but is still expected to erupt again in the future?
Dormant Volcano
What is the hardest mineral on Mohs hardness scale?
Diamond
What is the term for the process by which water vapor cools and changes into liquid droplets, forming clouds?
Condensation
What is the term for the process by which one tectonic plate slides beneath another?
Subduction
What type of seismic wave causes the most damage to buildings during an earthquake?
Surface Waves
What type of volcanic eruption is characterized by the explosive ejection of ash, rocks, and gas?
Plinian Eruption
What is the term for the process by which sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and cementation of sediments over time?
Lithification
What is the term for the transfer of heat by the movement of air or water?
Convection
What is the term for a fracture in a rock where movement has occurred?
Fault
What is the term for a series of minor earthquakes that precede a major earthquake?
Foreshocks
What is the term for the molten rock material beneath the Earth's surface?
Magma