Layers of the Earth
What are the four main layers of the Earth?
Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
What cools and solidifies to form an Igneous rock?
Magna or lava
What are sedimentary rocks?
Sedimentary rock are rocks made from compacted and cemented sediments
Give an example of a metamorphic rock?
Gneiss, slate, marble, schist
How is a mineral different than a rock?
Minerals are the building blocks of rocks
A mineral has a specific chemical composition and crystalline structure, while a rock is a mixture of one or more minerals
What is the thickest layer of the Earth?
Mantle
Is Intrusive or Extrusive Igenous rock formed when lava cools quickly on Earth's surface?
Extrusive
What are the layers in sedimentary rock called?
Strata
What are the two types of metamorphic rock?
Foliated and non-foliated
Give an example of a mineral
Copper, zinc, talc, quarts, gold, iron, garnet
Crust
What is molten rock beneath the Earth's surface called?
Magma
What are the three classifications of sedimentary rock?
Clastic, chemical, biogenic
What are foliated rocks?
These rocks have a layered or banded appearance, created by directed pressure that aligns the mineral crystals
Why is colour not a reliable classification method for minerals?
What is the layer of liquid metal beneath the mantle called?
Outer core
What is molten rock that reaches the surface through a volcano?
Lava
How are clastic rocks formed?
sediments are laid down by wind, water, gravity, and ice and are then compacted and cemented
What are non-foliated rocks?
These rocks are NOT layered or banded appearance because the mineral grains are not aligned in any particular direction
What are the two types of mineral breakage?
Cleavage and fracture
Which layer has a thickness of around 1200km in radius?
Inner Core
What are the two types of Igneous rock?
Intrusive and Extrusive
How are biogenic rocks formed?
dead plant matter or animal remains accumulate and are cemented together
What is the difference between regional and contact metamorphism
regional metamorphism affects large areas due to high pressure and temperature from tectonic plate movements, and contact metamorphism affects a smaller, localized zone
What is lustre?
Appearance of the surface of the mineral, how light reflects off a minerals surface
What state of matter is the inner core in?
Solid
Is Obsidian an Intrusive or Extrusive rock?
Extrusive
How are chemical rocks formed?
minerals dissolved in groundwater crystallise within the sediments
Is regional metamorphism more likely to create foliated or non-foliated metamorphic rocks?
Foliated
Name three of the requirements of a mineral
Solid state, inorganic, formed through natural processes, have a definite chemical composition, have an ordered atomic structure