Sedimentary Rocks
This process describes when sediments are squeezed together by the weight of layers above.
Compaction
This landform forms when wind carries and piles up sand into hills.
Sand Dune
The main source of energy that drives the entire water cycle.
The sun
Fossil fuels like coal and oil form from the buried remains of these.
Ancient plants and animals (organic matter).
List the two main steps that happen after sediments are deposited to become solid rock.
Compaction and Cementation
Name the landform created when a river slows at its mouth and drops sediment into the ocean.
Delta
The process when liquid water becomes water vapor due to heat.
Evaporation.
Is fossil fuel formation fast or slow? Why?
Slow. It takes millions of years for the transformation to occur.
Explain how weathering and erosion work together to provide sediments.
Weathering breaks the rock down into pieces; Erosion carries those pieces away to a new location.
Describe how a canyon is formed over a long time. Include the agent and the process.
Formed by moving water (agent) through the process of erosion.
If a heat lamp is turned off in a terrarium, which stage is affected first: evaporation or precipitation?
Evaporation, because it requires heat energy to turn liquid into gas.
Outline the three main steps from ancient organisms to oil.
Death/Burial → Sediment accumulation → Heat and Pressure.
This process involves minerals sticking sediments together like "glue." Name it and the material that acts as the glue.
Cementation; minerals (like calcite or silica) precipitate from water to act as the glue.
Identify the main agent (wind, water, or ice) for layered river-mouth deposits and explain why.
Water. Sediments settle out as the river flow slows down at the mouth.
Use evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff to describe a puddle on a sunny morning.
The Sun causes evaporation from the puddle; that vapor later forms clouds (condensation) which lead to precipitation and runoff.
Why are fossil fuels nonrenewable? (One sentence using "time").
They are nonrenewable because they take millions of years to form, meaning they cannot be replaced at the rate humans use them.
Put these in order: deposition, compaction, weathering, cementation, erosion.
Weathering → Erosion → Deposition → Compaction → Cementation.
Compare a sand dune and a delta (Agent, Process, and Location).
Sand Dune: Wind, Deposition, Desert/Beach. Delta: Water, Deposition, River mouth.
Why do coastal areas get more rain? Include the Sun, evaporation, and rising air.
The Sun evaporates massive amounts of water from the ocean; this moist air rises, cools, and condenses into rain near the coast.
Explain the sequence of changes (including heat and pressure) that turn organic layers into fuel.
Layers of sediment pile up, creating intense heat and pressure that chemically change the organic matter into coal, oil, or gas over millions of years.