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Landforms
Plates
Rocks
Earth
Moon
100
Know what the terms active, extinct, and dormant mean in terms of volcanism.
Active: has erupted recently and will erupt again. | Extinct: NOT going to erupt again | Dormant: not erupted in a while but might erupt again.
100
What evidence supports the idea of seafloor spreading?
Crust in newer closer to the ridge, older when they are far away, not as much sediment near the ridge, thicker when gets away. Polarity of iron particles.
100
How do metamorphic rocks form? How are they classified?
They are formed by heat and pressure. Texture: Foliated or non foliated: Layers, Gneiss - F Marble - N.
100
How do observations of ships at sea provide evidence of Earth’s shape? Be able to describe the horizon and line of sight,
Because of Earth curves ship disappears. Where the land meets the sky. A straight line where you can see.
100
How did the Moon form?
A planet, about the size of mars, crashed into Earth. Debris from Earth flew out in space and formed moon. Much of it settled back down to Earth. This took one month.
200
What is a volcano? Where can they be found? What kinds of rocks are associated with volcanoes? Who studies volcanoes?
Where magma reaches to the surface, they can be found along plate boundaries and faults. Volcanoes produce extrusive igneous rocks. Volcanologists. Volcanoes: Strato Volcano: mostly Andesite some big and quiet eruptions, mostly along coastlines; Shield Volcano: quiet eruptions, lava flows, found along the ocean; and Cinder Cone Volcano: loud;. Shield is biggest, Strato Volcanoes are taller.
200
What is the theory of plate tectonics? What commonly happens along plate boundaries?
Earth’s crust is broken up into lithospheric plates that move around. | Divergent: Apart | Covergent: Toward eachother | Transform: slide past eachother. You will find earthquakes and volcanoes, volcanoes along subduction boundary.
200
What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?
Intrusive rocks form below Earth’s surface and form larger crystals because they take longer to cool. Extrusive rocks form at or above Earth’s surface and form small or no crystals, because it does did not have a long time to cool.
200
What is the difference between altitude and elevation?
How high above Earth’s surface, how high above sea level.
200
What are solar and lunar eclipses? How and when do they occur?
Lunar eclipses - when the Earth’s shadow covers the moon, does not happen often because the moon is so far away from the Earth. Solar eclipses - when the moon’s shadow covers a very small part of Earth.
300
What are the different ways that mountain form. Be able to give an example of each.
Dome Mountain: Mount Rushmore, Stone Mountain, Georgia. | Fold MOuntain: Compression, Ex: himalayas. | Volcano: Mauna Loa | Fault Block: Normal Faulting, Ex: Grand Titon’s | Plateau: Uplift, Colorado Plateau, reverse faulting or folding.
300
What is continental drift and who came up with this idea? What evidence do he have to support his idea. What did he have no explanation for?
Alfred Wegener theory that the continents moved around and they were all together 240 mya called Pangea. Fossil evidence, Climate evidence, Rock and Rock Structures, Pieces seemed to fit. He could not explain how they moved.
300
What rocks make up most of the Grand Canyon and how do you know?
Sedimentary rocks, specifically limestone, sandstone, and shale, because the Grand Canyon used to be underwater. Also, the Grand Canyon has visible layers, which is a common feature of sedimentary rocks. Furthermore, the Grand Canyon contains fossils, which are distinctive to sedimentary rocks.
300
What is frame of reference? Point of view? Be able to give examples.
The assemblage of objects distances and directions that you use to establish the location of something. The position from which you see things.
300
How does moonrise vary from day to day?
Every day it rises 50 minutes later.
400
What is a landform?
Refers to a natural feature of earth’s surface with a characteristic shape, like a mountain, delta, or canyon.
400
What are people who study earthquakes called?
Seismologists. | Focus: Where the rock breaks | Epicenter: Point directly above the Focus on the Earth’s surface | Fault: A break in the rock | P waves: trave twice as fast a S waves, travel through anything; compressing and expanding | S waves: moving a right angles, cannot travel through liquid.
400
What are the two ways that limestone can form? What is ooze?
CO2 in atmosphere gets absorbed by ocean water. Reacts chemically to the Calcium in water and forms Calcium Carbonate - limestone. Or, shells of animals with calcium carbonate die and settles at the bottom gets compacted and forms limestone. Ooze is muddy stuff before compacted into limestone.
400
What are the solstices and equinoxes? How does latitude affect the hours of daylight in an area?
June 21 and Dec 21 longest day and shortest day. Equinoxes are where there is equal day and equal night(12 hours for each). The closer to the equator the more equal, the higher the latitude the more extreme the times are.
400
What are the different phases? What is the difference between waxing and waning?
Different phases different way we see the have lit moon. The different phases are Full Moon, 1st Quarter Moon, New Moon, 3rd Quarter Moon. Waxing - getting bigger, Waning -getting smaller.
500
Know what the Ring of Fire is.
Coast of Pacific, lots of volcanoes.
500
Know about the different types of plate boundaries. What are their characteristics? Be able to give an example of each.
Convergent Oceanic - Continental : Volcanoes on land, Earthquakes getting less as going in land, west coast of South America Divergent Oceanic Oceanic: Mid Atlantic Ridge, rift valley, volcanoes, shallow earthqukes on either side… same for Cont. Cont. Transform Continental Continental - shallow earthqakes on each side. San Andreas Fault Convergent OCeanic Ocenaic - trneches volcanis island arc, shallow eathqkses near trech, Maraianas trench. Convergent Continental COntinetal - mountains, between India and Asia, Himalayas
500
What terms describe the composition of different igneous rocks? Be able to give examples of each.
Mafic: Grabbro, Basalt | Felsic: Obsidian, Granite, Rhyolite | Intermediate: Diorite, Andesite Felsic - lighter in color and less dense, high silica content Mafic - darker in color denser, more iron and magnesium
500
What is the relationship between the angle of insolation and the intensity of the light striking Earth?
When the Earth is directly facing the sun, the angle of the sunlight hits the Earth more directly. It is more intense on a smaller area. The angle of which the sun’s rays strike Earth, more directly rays hit, more intense light, lower the angle, the less intense but more spread out light. Changes from day to day.
500
How much larger than the Moon is Earth? About how far away from Earth is the Moon?
The Earth is about 4x bigger than the moon. 36,000 km away.