This scale is used to measure the relative hardness of rocks and minerals.
What is Moh's hardness scale?
100
A ring of geologic activity around the Pacific Ocean is home to most of the world's earthquakes and volcanoes.
What is the Ring of Fire?
100
Weathering and erosion create these rock particles.
What are sediments?
100
This machine records the arrival of seismic waves following an earthquake.
What is a seismograph?
100
This sole property determines the type of volcano that will form.
What is the mineral composition of its lava?
200
The low density of this volcanic rock allows it to float on water.
What is pumice?
200
These stresses occur along transform boundaries, where plates are moving past each other.
What is shear stress?
200
Sedimentary and igneous rock become metamorphic rock through this process.
What is metamorphism, or heat and pressure?
200
These waves always arrive first because they are the fastest. They can move through solids, liquids, and gases.
What are S-waves?
200
This is the smallest particle to fly out of a volcano.
What is volcanic ash?
300
You can see the individual grains of this sedimentary rock, whose grain size may vary from 0.006 to 0.2 cm.
What is sandstone?
300
These stresses occur along convergent plate boundaries and often result in ocean floor subduction under a continental plate.
What is compressional stress?
300
Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, a process called...
What is solidification?
300
This process allows scientists to locate the epicenter of any earthquake, using the difference in arrival times of S and P waves to calculate the distance from the epicenter. Then three circles with that distance as the epicenter are drawn on a map to determine where all three circles intersect.
What is triangulation?
300
Volcanoes are generally classified by this type of activity.
What is how they erupt?
400
This igneous rock has large crystals, cooled deep within the earth, and can scratch quartz.
What is granite?
400
Divergent plate boundaries occur where two plates are moving away from each other, creating new land. The stress along this boundary is called...
What is tensional stress?
400
Volcanic activity produces this type of igneous rock that cools very quickly on earth's surface.
What are extrusive or volcanic rocks?
400
This is the most common cause of an earthquake.
What is shear plate boundary or faulting?
400
These volcanoes have gentle slopes and a fluid lava that generates slow eruptions.
What are shield volcanoes?
500
This sedimentary rock fizzes when you drop acid on it and was formed deep under the sea from calcite and precipitates of biologic origin.
What is limestone?
500
This theory explains why the earth's crust is always in motion, riding along on a bed of magma.
What is Plate Tectonics Theory?
500
Igneous rocks that cool very slowly in the earth, produce this type of igneous rock.
What is intrusive or plutonic>
500
This is measured using the amplitude of the highest S-wave and a scale that coverts this measurement to the strength of an earthquake.
What is magnitude?
500
These tall, pointy, volcanoes have chunky lava and explosive eruptions that are devastating to all in its path.