Geosphere
How many layers does the Earth contain?
(name them)
4
crust
mantle
outer core
inner core
What two things is the Lithosphere made up of?
What is the name of the measurement system for earthquakes?
Richter Scale
Name the 4 basic steps of the water cycle
precipitation
accumulation
evaporation
condensation
Most life in the open ocean is concentrated in a ______ ________ _________
thin surface layer
The deeper into the Earth you go, what three things increase?
Heat
Pressure
Density
Plates are composed of both Continental lithosphere and __________ lithosphere
Oceanic
An earthquake of magnitude 3.0 would break windows and knock things off shelves
False:
Magnitude 3.0-3.9 is Minor (felt by some indoors, hanging objects swing, NO damage)
roughly 3% is fresh water
97% is salt water
Name one benefit that Phytoplankton has on our ecosystem
Produces 1/2 our Oxygen
Cloud formation (and clouds reflect solar energy back into space, helping to combat high temps)
What country drilled the Kola Super Deep Bore Hole?
Soviet Union (Russia)
Continental Lithosphere is made of what type of rocks?
Granite (thick and light)
Describe what a Magnitude 7.5 earthquake might do
serious widespread damage. Bridges crack. Buildings collapse
How much of the Earth's fresh water is actually accessible?
Only 1% of freshwater is accessible.
69% is comprised of Glaciers
30% is deep underground
Why are Bluefin Tuna in danger of becoming extinct?
they are valuable; over a million dollars in Japan
How deep did the hole end up?
40,230 feet
Basalt (Heavy)
There is an area of the globe where 75% of the world's volcanoes and 90% of all earthquakes are felt.
What is this area called? (it is a nickname, not a scientific name)
The Ring Of Fire
water is stored in natural _________ made of porous rock or sediment
aquifers
Why are Squid taking over the high seas?
Humans have depleted their predators and competition (over-fishing)
And..
They breed quickly
Why did they stop drilling?
It became impossible, due to water and extreme heat of the rocks, which became soft like plastic
When a dense Oceanic Plate meets a more buoyant Continental Plate, a process called Subduction happens. The denser plate slides underneath the other one, returning that rock to the mantle
Describe what the tectonic plates are doing, to cause an earthquake
transform boundaries, or plate boundaries, are rubbing together and causing build up of energy. When the plates finally snap from energy build-up, they snap and release seismic waves, causing earthquake
(a much simpler explanation is acceptable, ha!)
In your own words, describe "managed groundwater recharge"
Name one adaptation that deep sea creatures have developed:
Invisibility
Bioluminescence
Electrical Sensors