Who's the geologist who discovered the mid-ocean ridges?
Harry Hess
100
What does P Waves and S Waves stand for?
Primary and Secondary.
100
Define volcano.
Any stucture that brings magma from below the surface, erupting lava onto the surface.
100
List the steps and processes of the Rock Cycle.
Magma -> Crystallization -> Igneous Rock -> Weathering and Erosion -> Sediment -> Cementation and Compaction -> Sedimentary Rock -> Heat and Pressure -> Metamorphic Rock -> Melt -> Magma
200
Define median.
Value of the data that separates high and low values
200
Who's Alfred Wegener?
A meteorologist who developed theory of continental drift. Theory supported after death. Used fossil evidence and pieced together continents such as South America and Africa.
200
What causes earthquakes?
At transform and convergent (subduction) boundaries, plates moving past each other cause stress to build up and then release energy causing earthquakes
200
What are the two causes of volcanoes?
Subduction and hot spots.
200
What's the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rock?
Intrusive is underground and extrusive is above ground.
300
What's geology?
The study of the solid Earth
300
What's Pangaea?
Supercontinent when all Earth land was connected 200 million years ago
300
What's the elastic rebound theory?
As plates try to move past each other, they begin to bend as stress builds up. Eventually, the plates move past and the plates rebound back into shape causing an earthquake
300
What's an ash cloud?
Cloud of Ash and Dust when a composite volcano erupts
300
Name the Igneous rock types.
Aphanitic, Phaneritic, Porphyritic, Vesicular, Glassy, and Fragmental.
400
What's a law?
a conclusion that is proven over and over again.
400
What's the evidence of continental drift?
The shape of coastlines and fossils.
400
Define the epicenter.
The point on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus of the earthquake
400
Describe volcanic layers.
Hardened layers of lava that make up a volcano
400
What are the characteristics of all minerals?
Solid
Inorganic
Occur Naturally
Orderly Crystalline Structure
Same Chemical Composition
500
What's the innermost layer of the earth?
The inner core.
500
Define convection currents.
Heated material in the asthenosphere rises and sinks as it becomes hotter and colder. This causes the plates above to move.
500
Explain how to find earthquake epicenters.
To locate an earthquake’s epicenter, you need to use the difference in arrival time of P waves and S waves to find the distance. Then you need to use triangulation to combine three distances and find a single point.
500
Name the two types of mafic lava.
Pahoehoe and AA
500
Define silicate.
Any Mineral Containing Silicon (Si) and Oxygen (O)