We don't need no stinking vocabulary
a process of heat transfer that occurs in fluids (liquids or gases). It involves the movement of fluid molecules from regions of higher temperature to lower temperature
Convection
occurs when one tectonic plate sinks beneath another at a plate boundary. It leads to the formation of deep ocean trenches and volcanic arcs
Subduction
Why is the mantle described as a region of "hot slow-moving solid rock"?
a) It is composed entirely of liquid rock.
b) Its temperature is consistent throughout.
c) The rock can flow slowly due to high temperatures and pressure.
d) It is primarily made of gases and vapors.
The rock can flow slowly due to high temperatures and pressure.
How does the viscosity of lava affect volcanic eruptions in the Ring of Fire?
a) It allows gases to escape easily
b) It traps gases, leading to explosive eruptions
c) It creates gentle, effusive eruptions
d) It has no significant effect on eruptions
It traps gases, leading to explosive eruptions
What process ensures that the Earth's oceans don't disappear despite constant subduction?
a) Rainfall and river input
b) Melting of polar ice caps
c) Creation of new crust at mid-ocean ridges
Creation of new crust at mid-ocean ridges
Which process is primarily responsible for the formation of sedimentary rocks?
a) Melting and cooling
b) Heat and pressure
c) Layering and compression
Layering and compression
What is the difference between magma and lava?
a) Magma is hotter than lava
b) Lava is underground, magma is above ground
c) Magma is underground, lava is above ground
d) There is no difference; they are the same thing
Magma is hotter than lava
What are the three methods of heat transfer?
a) Conduction, convection, and radiation
b) Conduction, conversion, and reflection
c) Convection, radiation, and absorption
Conduction, convection, and radiation
form of energy associated with the motion of atoms and molecules. It flows from hotter objects to cooler ones.
Heat
all natural events and activities that shape the Earth’s surface. These include weathering, erosion, deposition, and tectonic movements.
Geological Process
What is the primary composition of the inner core, why does it remain solid despite extreme heat?
a) It is composed of liquid iron and nickel, which cools under pressure.
b) It is mostly made of solid iron and nickel that remains solid due to immense pressure.
c) It consists of molten rock that solidifies at lower temperatures.
d) It is a mix of gases that solidify at high temperatures.
It is mostly made of solid iron and nickel that remains solid due to immense pressure.
What role does water play in the formation of magma beneath Ring of Fire volcanoes?
a) It cools the rocks, preventing magma formation
b) It increases pressure, preventing melting
c) It alters rock structure and causes melting
d) It has no significant role in magma formation
It alters rock structure and causes melting
Which type of boundary occurs when tectonic plates move toward each other?
A) Divergent boundary
B) Transform boundary
C) Convergent boundary
Convergent Boundary
What two main factors contribute to the formation of metamorphic rocks?
a) Wind and water erosion
b) Sedimentation and compression
c) Heat and pressure
Heat and Pressure
Why is air considered a good insulator when it's not moving?
a) It has a high thermal conductivity
b) It has a very low thermal conductivity
c) It reflects heat efficiently
d) It absorbs heat quickly
It absorbs heat quickly
In conduction, heat transfer occurs through:
a) Movement of fluids
b) Electromagnetic waves
c) Direct contact between objects
d) Reflection of light
Movement of Fluids
scientific theory that explains the movement of large plates that make up the Earth’s lithosphere.
Plate Tectonics
occur when tectonic plates collide. They lead to mountain ranges, earthquakes, and volcanic activity.
Convergent Boundaries
How does the asthenosphere contribute to the movement of tectonic plates?
a) It is a rigid layer that prevents any movement.
b) It is a solid layer that holds the plates in place.
c) It is a semi-fluid layer that allows tectonic plates to glide over it.
d) It is a gas layer that pushes the plates apart.
It is a semi-fluid layer that allows tectonic plates to glide over it.
What geological process is primarily responsible for creating the Ring of Fire?
a) Continental drift
b) Seafloor spreading
c) Subduction
Subduction
What geological event is commonly associated with transform boundaries?
A) Volcano formation
B) Mountain building
C) Earthquakes
D) Ocean trench creation
Earthquakes
In the rock cycle, what typically happens to igneous rocks over time?
a) They melt back into magma
b) They transform directly into metamorphic rocks
c) They are eroded and become part of sedimentary rocks
d) They remain unchanged for millions of years
They are eroded and become part of sedimentary rocks
What happens when two objects of different temperatures are brought into contact?
a) Heat flows from cold to hot
b) Heat flows from hot to cold
c) No heat transfer occurs
d) Heat flows in both directions equally
No heat transfer occurs
Which material has the highest thermal conductivity among those below?
a) Wood
b) Water
c) Copper
d) Fiberglass
Copper
the specific elements and minerals that make up a substance or material. For example, the Earth’s crust includes various minerals like quartz, feldspar, and basalt.
Composition
occurs where tectonic plates move apart. They create mid-ocean ridges and new crust.
Divergent Boundaries
Considering both chemical composition and physical properties, how can the Earth be categorized?
a) Only based on chemical composition into crust, mantle, and core.
b) Only based on physical properties into lithosphere, asthenosphere, and core.
c) Both chemical composition and physical properties, three chemical layers and five physical layers.
d) Based solely on the presence of tectonic plates and geological activity.
Both chemical composition and physical properties, three chemical layers and five physical layers.
What evidence suggests that ocean sediments are involved in Ring of Fire volcanism?
a) The presence of coral in lava flows
b) High salt content in volcanic gases
c) Carbon-12 signatures in volcanic gases
Carbon-12 signatures in volcanic gases
How does a divergent boundary contribute to the formation of new crust?
A) By pushing plates together
B) By pulling plates apart and allowing magma to rise
C) By causing earthquakes
By pulling plates apart and allowing magma to rise
How are igneous rocks formed?
a) By the cooling and solidification of molten rock
b) By the compression of sediments
c) By the metamorphosis of existing rocks
d) By the erosion of mountains
By the cooling and solidification of molten rock
Why does warm air rise?
a) It has more energy
b) It is less dense than cold air
c) It is attracted to the upper atmosphere
It has more energy
What is the main difference between conduction and convection?
a) Conduction involves fluids, convection involves solids
b) Conduction is faster than convection
c) Convection involves the movement of fluids, conduction doesn't
d) Convection only occurs in gases, conduction in liquids and solids
Convection involves the movement of fluids, conduction doesn't
the mass of a substance per unit volume. It determines whether an object floats or sinks
Density
involve plates sliding past each other horizontally. The San Andreas Fault in California is an example.
Transform Boundaries
What discovery helped explain how new seafloor is created to replace subducted crust?
a) Continental shelves
b) Submarine canyons
c) Black smokers at mid-ocean ridges
d) Coral reef formation
Black smokers at mid-ocean ridges
What are subduction trenches?
a) Shallow depressions on the ocean floor
b) Deep canyons on land near volcanoes
c) The deepest parts of the ocean where seafloor is consumed
d) Rifts where new oceanic crust is formed
The deepest parts of the ocean where seafloor is consumed
In what way does the movement of tectonic plates affect the Earth's crust?
A) It only creates new land
B) It can both create and destroy crust
C) It has no effect on the crust
D) It only destroys crust without creating new land
It can both create and destroy crust
How do hornblende crystals in volcanic rocks provide information about magma formation?
a) They indicate the temperature of the magma
b) They show the presence of water deep underground
c) They reveal the age of the volcano
d) They demonstrate the speed of the eruption
They reveal the age of the volcano
What property of materials determines whether they are good conductors or insulators?
a) Density
b) Thermal conductivity
c) Boiling point
d) Chemical reactivity
Density
Why do we feel colder on a windy day compared to a still day of the same temperature?
a) Wind increases air pressure
b) Wind creates convection currents
c) Wind reduces air temperature
d) Wind increases thermal conductivity of air
Wind creates convection currents
forms from the cooling and solidification of molten magma or lava. Examples include basalt (from volcanic eruptions) and granite (from cooling beneath the Earth’s surface).
Igneous
method of heat transfer. It occurs through direct contact between particles within a solid material.
Conduction
What drives the convection currents in Earth's mantle?
a) Solar radiation
b) Tidal forces from the moon
c) Earth's rotation
d) Heat from the Earth's core
Heat from the Earth's core
How do scientists track the movement of tectonic plates?
a) By measuring ocean currents
b) Using high-precision GPS
c) By tracking animal migration patterns
Using high-precision GPS
What are the three main categories of rocks that we studied?
a) Igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary
b) Hard, soft, and medium
c) Mountain, river, and ocean
d) Volcanic, plutonic, and metamorphic
Igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary
What is the significance of raised shorelines found inland from the current coast?
a) They indicate sea level rise
b) They show evidence of past tsunamis
c) They prove land uplift from major earthquakes
d) They demonstrate long-term coastal erosion
They demonstrate long-term coastal erosion
How does layered clothing help keep you warm in winter?
a) By trapping still air between layers
b) By increasing your body temperature
c) By reflecting your body heat
By reflecting your body heat
How does radiation differ from conduction and convection?
a) It requires a medium to transfer heat
b) It only occurs in solids
c) It can transfer heat through empty space
d) It is the slowest method of heat transfer
It can transfer heat through empty space