Astronomy
This consists of the Sun, the eight planets, fifty or so moons, and thousands of asteroids, meteors, and countless comets that orbit the Sun.
What is the solar system?
The relative age of this and the location of fossils within this helps us determine the age of our earth and the origin of lives.
what is a rock layer?
This type of water comprises approximately 97% of our earth's entire water source.
What is salt water (water from the ocean)?
This is a type of molten rock that erupts onto the Earth's surface. This can be cooled down to form extrusive rocks
What is lava?
This effect happens when the earth's Carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, and ozone in the atmosphere absorb sun's radiation and trap them rather than releasing back to space.
What is a Greenhouse effect
This star is located very close to the north celestial pole, making it a convenient reference point for determining the north-south positions of celestial objects in the Northern Hemisphere.
What is polaris?
A diagram that explains the star's luminosity to its mass and temperature.
What is the H-R (the Hertzsprung-Russell) diagram
This layer of atmosphere is located approximately 50-85 km (31-53 miles) above the earth's surface. This is the "middle layer" of the atmosphere and where most meteroids entering Earth burns down.
What is a mesosphere?
This was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras, encompassing almost all of Earth's landmasses. It formed about 335 million years ago and began to break apart around 200 million years ago.
What is a Pangaea
This instrument measures the speed of the wind and it looks like 4 small bowls connected in metal bars.
What is an anemometer
(Extra 100 pts if you can explain what each of them are)
A process by which denser materials (principally iron) sank toward the center, forming the core, while less dense materials (e.g., sodium and potassium ions) floated to the top. The earth went through this around 4.6 billion years ago and this formed the interior layer of our earth
What is a differentiation?
(Extra 100 pts if you can name the earth's layers)
This is located on the top of the zone of saturation, and is the boundary between pores filled with water and pores filled with air.
What is a water table?
What is the ring of fire?
These lines on a weather map connect places of equal pressure.
What is an isobar?
The point of which the altitude of the sun's apparent position at noon stops increasing or decreasing. Usually this happens on June 21 and December 21
This instrument separates the light's wavelength coming from a star which is used to study the star's composition
What is a spectroscope?
Identify 4 layers of our earth's interior and the characteristics of each layer.
-Inner core - Solid, mostly metal
-Outer core - Liquid, also mostly metal
-Mantle - thickest layer, plastic texture due to silicate rock
-Crust - Thin layer of basalt and granites that composes the outermost, surface of the earth.
Explain what the difference between Mercalli scale and Richter scale is in measuring the earthquake.
Mercalli scale is used to measure the intensity of an earthquake based on its effect on people and the natural environment. .Richter scale is used to measure the intensity of an earthquake based on the magnitude (the actual force) using the seismograph.
Identify 3 characteristics of Low air pressure and why is storm more likely under low air pressure?
-Moves Inward and counter clockwise
-Rising air
-"Cloudy" weather
-More humid
New moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, and waning crescent.
The cycle occurs for approximately one month (29.5 days)
Out of all isotopes, Carbon-14 is especially useful in dating the remains of living things. Why is carbon-14, not other elements, used to determine the ages of "recently" dead organisms? (Hint: half life of Carbon-14 is about 5730, shorter than most isotopes)
All living things contain carbon, and some of that carbon is carbon-14, which is present in air, water, and food. As long as an organism is alive, the amount of carbon-14 in its body remains constant. Carbon-14 has short half lives, therefore can only be used to date remains that are younger than 50,000 years.
Draw the water cycle and identify the main activities that happen in water cycle.
1) evaporation
2) condensation
3) precipitation
4) transpiration
5) run off
Identify at least 3 types of Chemical weathering that can happen in our earth and briefly explain what happens during a chemical weathering.
Oxidation,Hydration, Hydrolysis, Solution, Carbonation
Chemical weathering breaks down rocks by changing their chemical compositions
Explain 4 different types of fronts with their symbols and what happens to the cold and warm air (and sometimes cool).
- Cool Front
-Warm front
-Stationary front
-Occluded front