Principles
Sedimentary rocks get older from top to bottom.
Principle of Superposition
What two elements make up inner core?
Iron and Nickel
Scientists have collected evidence to indicate there may be more layers to Earth's interior than current theories include.
True or False
True
_________ are responsible for most geologic features on Earth's surface and for the arrangement of most rocks and minerals within Earth’s crust.
Plate Movements
What is the movement of a transform boundary plates?
Slide past each other
Sedimentary rocks are deposited in flat layers and then can be folded or tilted.
Principle of Original Horizonality
Which of following Earth layers are solid?
Outer Core, Inner Core, Asthenosphere, or all choices
Inner Core
This liquid layer creates Earth's magnetic field.
Outer Core
What is the difference between convergent and divergent plate boundaries?
Convergent comes together and divergent spreads apart.
Patterns in the location of earthquakes and volcanoes provide evidence for plate tectonics.
True or False
True
A rock unit that contains chunks of older rock must be younger than the rocks that are inside of it.
Principle of Inclusion
Which layer of Earth is responsible for producing magma that can rise to Earth's surface and become lava?
Asthenosphere
What two elements make up the majority of the crust?
Silicon and oxygen
What is the most common result of a transform boundary?
Earthquakes
What principle or definition?
Metamorphic rock must have formed before the surrounding rocks or they would be metamorphosed as well.
Definition of Metamorphic Rocks
An igneous rock unit or fault that splits another rock unit must be younger than the unit it cuts across.
Principle of Crosscutting Relations
Which layer of Earth is the largest by volume and contains convection currents?
Mantle
Which layer of the Earth is the thinnest?
The crust
The OLDEST continental rocks are located at the ______ of continents, and the ages of the rock ______ from the center of the continent to the edges.
Center;decrease
Convection currents cycle energy through Earth's interior through ___________.
hotter rocks rising and cooler rocks sinking, cooler rocks rising and hotter rocks sinking, transferring heat towards the inner core, mixing red and blue water together
hotter rocks rising and cooler rocks sinking
Groups of plant and animal fossils appear in a specific order that can be used to identify geologic periods of time.
Principle of Faunal Succession
How do temperature, pressure, and density change as you move from the crust towards Earth's core?
Temperature, pressure, & density all INCREASE, Temperature, pressure, & density all DECREASE, Temperature and pressure INCREASE, but density DECREASES, There is no pattern to temperature, pressure, and density inside Earth's layers.
Temperature, pressure, & density all INCREASE.
Which of the following are ways that scientists have collected evidence to support the layered theory of Earth's interior? Multiple answers could be correct.
Measuring the speed and distance traveled by seismic waves, Drilling through the crust and making direct observations, Conducting high-pressure laboratory experiments on crustal rocks, Measuring the speed and distance traveled by electromagnetic waves.
Measuring the speed and distance traveled by seismic waves and Conducting high-pressure laboratory experiments on crustal rocks.
Oceanic crust is ___ /___ than continental crust. (Age and density)
younger/more dense
An example of a constructive force that builds Earth's crust is
Weathering, mass weathering, erosion, or tectonic uplift
Tectonic Uplift