Earth's Layers/ Rock Cycle
List the Layers of the earth from outer to inner
Crust, Mantle, Outer core, inner core
Who is the scientist that proposed that the continents were once one huge land mass?
Alfred Wegner
What type of fossil shows evidence of the day to day activities of a extinct animal?
trace fossil
What is the "age of dinosaurs"
Mesozoic Era
The invention that measures earthquake scale
Seismograph
Metamorphic rock turns into this type of rock through melting, cooling & hardening
Igneous Rock
What did Wegner name the super continent he said the continents used to look like?
Pangea
Explain the law of superposition
The layers on top are younger than the layers on bottom- the lower you go, the older it is.
What era are we currently in?
Cenozoic Era
What kind of volcano is the most explosive?
Stratovolcano
Explain how sedimentary rock is formed
Sediment accumulates, compacts, and cements together.
List 2 of Wegner's evidence to prove Continental Drift
the mountains in different countries line up
continents fit together like a puzzle
there are glacier markings in places that are now too hot for glaciers
fossils of the same type of animal were found in continents far away from eachother
What two types of fossilization preserve the whole body?
Tar & Ice
What is the longest era that had simple life forms like bacteria?
Precambrian Era
A volcano that has erupted in the past, but isn't currently active is called...
a dormant volcano
Compare Ocean crust to Continental crust. Give two differences and two similarities.
ocean crust is more dense, younger, thinner and made of basalt.
Continental crust is less dense, thicker.
They are both part of earth's crust, found on tectonic plates and made of solid material.
There are two types of Convergent plate Boundaries, explain what they are, and give an example of one.
Collision- when both plates are the same density, they push up on each other and create a mountain.
Subduction- two plates that are not the same density collide and one goes under (subducts) the other and creates a trench
Explain the difference between a mold fossil, and a cast fossil.
The mold is like a bucket for the sand castle, it is hollow imprint. The cast is the sandcastle, like a 3d impression.
Give an example of the difference between relative age and absolute age.
My daughter is older than my son.- relative
My daughter is 15 and my son is 10- absolute
How do you find the epicenter of an earthquake?
You need 3 seismographs and each one measures the strength from that location. You use triangulation and draw circles around each location- the place where all 3 circles intersect is the epicenter.
Describe the process of weathering, erosion and deposition
Wind, water or gravity can cause rocks to be pulled away from their original place and when they are taken from that place it is erosion, and wherever that rock is placed is deposition.
Give an example of what is happening at a transform plate boundary
Both boundaries aren't straight, so the they rub against eachother and causing tension until it creates an earthquake.
Describe the 4 things you need for a fossil to be an index fossil
easily recognizable, abundant, wide geographic distribution, live for a short time
Earth's geologic History is divided into units. What are they largest to smallest?
Eon, Era, Period, epoch
P Wave, S Wave and Surface Wave, The surface wave is the most destructive