Plate Boundaries
What type of boundary forms when two plates move away from each other?
Divergent boundary
What is the outermost layer of Earth called?
Crust
Who is credited with developing the theory of continental drift, the precursor to plate tectonics?
Alfred Wegener
What type of volcano is Mount St. Helens?
Stratovolcano
What is the largest earthquake ever recorded, which occurred in Chile in 1960, called?
The Valdivia Earthquake
What type of plate boundary forms when two plates collide?
Convergent boundary
What layer of the Earth is composed of hot, semi-solid rock beneath the crust?
Mantle
What evidence supports the theory of plate tectonics, such as the discovery of fossils on separate continents?
Fossil evidence
What instrument is used to measure the strength of an earthquake?
Seismograph
What country experiences the most earthquakes in the world?
Japan
What type of boundary occurs when two plates slide past each other?
Transform boundary
What is the hottest layer of the Earth?
Inner core
What process occurs at mid-ocean ridges, adding new material to the ocean floor?
Seafloor spreading
What is the point underground where an earthquake begins called?
Focus
What event caused the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami?
A massive undersea earthquake
Name a famous transform boundary located in California.
San Andreas Fault
The lithosphere is made up of which two Earth layers?
Crust and upper mantle
What technology provided scientists with evidence of the seafloor spreading?
Sonar
Which volcanic eruption in 1980 caused massive destruction in the United States?
Mount St. Helens eruption
What mountain is growing taller every year due to plate tectonics?
Mount Everest
What geological feature forms at a convergent boundary between two continental plates?
Mountains
What is the name of the layer responsible for Earth’s magnetic field?
Outer Core
What is the driving force behind plate tectonics?
Convection currents in the mantle
What is the scale called that measures the energy released by an earthquake?
Richter scale
What is the name of the supervolcano in the United States that could cause massive damage if it erupted?
Yellowstone Caldera