Unit 1: Earth's Resources
List all three types of rocks, and explain how one of them forms.
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
Igneous: solidification of lava/magma
Sedimentary: compaction/cementation of sediment
Metamorphic: rock whose form has changed due to heat and/or pressure
World landmass name about 200 million years ago
Pangaea
What is the relationship between particle size and porosity?
There is none!
Where are the oldest strata located in a geographic column, assuming they are unaltered?
The bottom
What is the ozone layer of the atmosphere?
Stratosphere
Element that makes up about half of common minerals
Oxygen
What does the Richter Scale measure?
Magnitude of an earthquake
Define weathering and erosion separately
Weathering: rock being broken down
Erosion: transport of weathered materials
What percent of the original parent isotope will be left after 3 half-lives?
12.5%
Express this in 3 digit code: 1017
170
Name three properties to identify a mineral.
(ex. color, luster, crystal shape, streak, cleavage, fracture, hardness)
What is the shadow zone?
Location underground where state of matter changes, resulting in the disappearance of certain waves.
What is abrasion, as how does it weather rock?
Rocks smashing into each other chip off rock, weathering it down
What is the relationship called between similar layers of sediment in different locations
Correlation
Define the Coriolis Effect
curving of wind around equators, caused by Earth's fast spin
Which rock forms more towards the surface, and which one forms deeper underground?
Sedimentary, Metamorphic
Define the earthquake epicenter, focus and earthquake waves
Epicenter: center of damage aboveground, located right below the focus
Focus: location on fault where first motion occurs
Waves: go out in all directions, picked up by seismographs
Name the three factors that affect rate of weathering
Temperature, moisture, climate
Name two traits of an index fossil
Easily recognizable, short-lived, evolved rapidly, wide geographic range
What instrument is used to measure wind?
Anometer
What is the range of the hardness scale, and what is it called?
1-10, Moh's hardness scale
How many seismograph locations do you need to find an earthquake epicenter, and how do you locate the exact point of the epicenter?
3, drawing circles using wave arrival time to find one intersecting point along the three circles
Name all four natural agents in which erosion and deposition can travel by.
Gravity, Water, Wind, Ice
Define the principles of both original horizontality and cross-cutting relationships
Original horizontality: Sedimentary rock layers were originally deposited horizontally.
Cross-cutting relationships: anything that alters neat layers (folding, faulted, igneous intrusion)
Name at least three factors that affect the likelihood of precipitation
increase in cloud cover, cooling to dew point, location of front, increase in relative humidity, decrease in air pressure, changes in wind