Chapter 8 - Volcanoes
The Hawaiian islands are found at a(n)
Hotspot
Which of the following are body fossils?
Anything that is actual remains of an animal
The age of Earth is approximately
4.6 billion years
The amount of energy needed to change a material from one physical state to another is called:
Latent Heat
The most geologically active region in the world is the
Pacific Ring of Fire
Which of the following (fossils) can be used to identify a specific period of time?
index fossils
Earth’s first atmosphere was made up of…
hydrogen and helium
The seasons are caused by
The tilt of the Earth's axis with relation to to the SUn
When magma moves beneath a volcano it may cause
Eruptions, Slope Deformation, Earthquakes,
A fault or intrusion that is younger than the rocks that it cuts through is called a(n)
Crosscut
What is the source of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of nitrogen in the early atmosphere?
volcanic outgassing
What is the amount of water vapor in the air called?
Humidity
Relationship between Felsic/Mafic magma, viscosity and silica
Felsic = High Viscosity, High Silica
Mafic = Low Viscosity, Low Silica
The giant asteroid impact that extinguished the dinosaurs was first discovered how?
from widespread key bed that contained the element iridium.
Why is ozone important?
It stops high energy ultraviolet radiation from reaching the surface.
What is the force of air weighing down over a unit of area called?
Air Pressure
Relationship between Felsic/Mafic magma, volcano type, volcano features
Felsic = Composite Volcanoes, Cinder Cones, Lava Domes
Mafic = Shield Volcanoes, Lava Plateaus
What is uniformitarianism?
The processes that act on Earth today, acted on Earth in the past
What is it called when younger rocks cover a craton?
a platform
Which layer of the atmosphere do pilots prefer to fly in?
The Stratosphere
A volcano that could erupt, but hasn't recently is
Dormant
Two rock layers that are far apart but have the same index fossil
are about the same age.
What stores genetic information and passes it onto the next generation?
nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)
Land breezes blow when
cooler land air flows over the ocean
Which type of volcano is Kilauea in Hawaii?
Shield Volcano
A core through a glacier contains
Annual layers of ice and dust.
Changes in atmospheric gases over that time.
Changes in the environment over that time.
An event in which many types of living things die out completely at the same time is known as ____________.
a Mass Extinction
A surface with high albedo
reflects light back.
What is the most common type of volcano?
Cinder Cone
Which era do we live in?
The Cenozoic Era
Eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes because they
Have a nucleus
What does it mean to say that water has high specific heat?
It takes a lot of energy to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1-degree C.
The temperature of water stays relatively constant.
Large bodies of water can keep the weather more moderate.
Scientists think that supervolcano eruptions could have impacted earth how?
Caused Mass Extinctions
How much percent of the parent isotope remains after 2 half lives?
Half of half = 25%
What was created when Laurentia and Gondwana collided?
Pangaea
The temperature gradient of the troposphere means that
the troposphere is very unstable.
What is created when water is heated beneath the Earth’s surface and erupts to the surface through a narrow passageway?
A Geyser
How can you determine how long a giant Sequoia has been alive?
Count the total number tree rings
At the end of the Paleozoic, what happened to life?
more than 95% of all species went extinct.
The global winds are created by
convection in the two major circulation cells.
Volcanoes occur at which of the following? (Plate Tectonics)
Convergent, Divergent Plate Boundaries; Hot Spots
According to our Church, Dinosaurs…
The Church has no official stance on this
The densest part of planet Earth is the
Core
What are the two most common gases in the atmosphere?
Nitrogen and Oxygen
The oldest volcanoes in a hotspot chain can be found where?
Are furthest from the hotspot.
May be below sea level.
May be surrounded by coral reefs.
To understand Earth history you need to know that (uniformitarianism)
The present is the key to the past.
LUCA was
the last organism that was ancestor to all life on Earth.
On the Moon (atmosphere ?)
Cant breathe, cant speak, birds can't fly
The higher the viscosity of a magma, the higher its content of what?
Silica
In petrified wood, the original wood has been slowly replaced by
minerals
Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and nutrients in the presence of sunlight to create
food energy and oxygen.
When heat is transferred by the movement of electromagnetic waves it is called
Radiation
Lava that is fluid and flows easily creates ____
Shield Volcanoes, Lava Plateaus
Scientists who study fossils are
Paleontologists
The reasons for a marine regression could include
an increase in the land area covered by glaciers.
Not - Seafloor Spreading or Landmass lowering
In the troposphere, temperature __________ with altitude because __________.
Decreases, heat radiates from the ground
Lava fluid that flows over a large area is called ____
a Lava Plateau
Scientific evidence pinpoints the age of Earth at
4.6 billion years
____________ is the disappearance of a species from all parts of geographical range.
Extinction
Precipitation is high (what pressure situation)
in low pressure areas where air is rising.