Vocabulary
Earth's Interior
Minerals
Rocks
Rock Cycle
100

The layer of rock that forms Earth's outer surface

What is the crust?

100

The only entirely liquid layer within the Earth

What is the outer core? 

100

According to the standard definition, a mineral has _____ key characteristics.

What is 5?

100

Small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks

What is sediment?

100

The process by which rocks break down

What is weathering?

200

A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the Earth's surface.

What is igneous rock?

200

Geologists drill holes bringing up many samples of rock to study Earth's interior.

What is direct evidence?

200

The density of a mineral if 30 cm3 of the mineral has a mass of 60 g.

What is  2 g/cm3? Note: must include units in answer

200

Igneous rock formed from lava that erupted onto Earth’s surface

What is an extrusive igneous rock?

200

Process by which magma forms igneous rock

What is cooling?

300

Term that describes how light reflects from a mineral’s surface

What is luster?

300

The first waves to arrive at a seismograph

What are P waves, or Primary waves?

300

The process of forming crystals

What is crystallization?

300

Rock texture in which the individual minerals are relatively large

What is coarse-grained?

300

A series of processes that create and transform the types of rocks in Earth's crust.

What is the rock cycle?

400

A solid in which the atoms are arranged in a pattern that repeats again and again.

What is a crystal?

400

Heat-driven cycles that occur in the air, ocean, and mantle

What are convection currents?

400

This mineral is the 10 in the Mohs Hardness Scale

What is diamond?

400

Heat source for the processes that control the formation of sedimentary rocks

What is the sun?

400

Processes that transform an igneous rock into a metamorphic rock

What are heat and pressure?

500

The rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle

What is the lithosphere?

500

The outer and inner core are mostly made of these two metals. 

What are iron and nickel?

500

Geologists have identified and named more than _____ minerals.

What is 5,000?

500

There are about _____ rock-forming minerals.

What is 20?

500

Molten rock found beneath the surface of the Earth

What is magma?