Earth Science
This is the study of Earth's atmosphere and the processes that create weather
Meteorology
These are the building blocks of minerals
Elements
Shows the interrelationships among the three
rock types
The rock cycle
These are the smallest particles of matter
Atoms
When conducting an experiment this variable is never manipulated
The Control
The solar system evolved from an enormous
rotating cloud called the solar nebula.
The nebular hypothesis
What are the 5 characteristics of minerals?
1. Naturally occurring
2. Solid substance
3. Orderly crystalline structure
4. Definite chemical composition
5. Generally considered inorganic
External processes produce what type of rocks?
Sedimentary
These of an element have the same number
of protons but varying numbers of neutrons.
Isotopes
What percent of Earth's water is held in our oceans
97%
What percentage of Earth's surface is covered by oceans?
71%
What 4 ways do minerals form?
1. Crystallization from magma
2. Precipitation
3. Pressure and temperature
4. Hydrothermal solutions
What are the two types of igneous rocks?
Extrusive/Intrusive
How do we calculate the atomic mass of an element?
Protons + Neutrons
is distance north or south of the
equator, measured in degrees.
Latitude
What are the layers of the Geosphere in order starting with the layer closest to the surface.
Crust, Mantle, Core
These are Minerals that exist in relatively pure form
Native Elements
composition rocks are made mostly from iron and magnesium-rich minerals.
Ultramafic
This is the # protons in an element
The atomic #
lines on a topographic map
that indicate an elevation.
Contour Lines
This drives external processes such as
weather, ocean circulation and erosional
processes
The Sun
the visible expression of a mineral’s internal arrangement of atoms.
Crystal Form
Fossils are best preserved in this type of rock
Sedimentary
Elements tend to bond in such a way that each atom had 8 electrons in it valence shell
The Octet rule
What is the third step in the Scientific Method?
Testing/Experimentation