Atomic Reasoning
An atom has atomic number 12 and mass number 24. How many neutrons does it have?
12 neutrons
Two atoms share electrons to fill their outer shells. What type of bond formed?
Covalent bond
Ice that forms naturally has a crystal structure. Is it a mineral?
Yes (naturally occurring inorganic solid with crystal structure)
Magma cools slowly underground. What kind of crystal size forms?
Large crystals
A mineral leaves a red-brown powder on a streak plate. What property was tested?
Streak
An atom gains electrons. It becomes what type of particle?
Ion (specifically a negative ion)
One atom steals electrons from another. What bond formed?
Ionic bond
Plastic has a solid structure but comes from living things. Is it a mineral?
No (not inorganic)
Lava cools quickly at the surface. What kind of crystals form?
Small crystals
A mineral breaks along flat smooth surfaces. What property is this?
Cleavage
Two atoms both have 6 protons, but one has 6 neutrons and the other has 8. What are they to each other?
Isotopes
A bond is described as a “sea of electrons.” What bond is this?
Metallic bond
Liquid water is naturally occurring but is not a mineral. Why?
It is not a solid
Minerals form when ocean water evaporates. What process is this?
Evaporation of dissolved ions
A mineral does not break along flat surfaces but shatters irregularly. What property is shown?
Fracture
If an atom has more protons than electrons, what is its charge?
Positive charge
Water (H₂O) is made from hydrogen and oxygen chemically combined. This makes it what?
A compound
A substance has no orderly crystal structure. Can it be a mineral?
No
Heat and pressure change existing rocks and form new minerals. This is what process?
Recrystallization and reaction during metamorphism
A mineral scratches glass. What physical property is being tested?
Hardness
If the number of protons changes, what happens to the element?
It becomes a different element
If substances are mixed but not chemically combined, they form what?
Mixture
Gold found alone in nature (not combined) is called what?
Native element (native mineral)
Different minerals crystallize at different what as magma cools?
Temperatures
Two minerals are the same color, but one leaves a different powder color. Which property helps identify them?
Streak (more reliable than color)