Earth's Interior
The four main layers of Earth are crust, mantle, outer core, and this deepest layer.
Inner Core
This type of boundary occurs when two plates move away from each other.
Divergent
The point underground where an earthquake begins.
Focus
Molten rock beneath Earth's surface is called this.
Magma
This natural hazard occurs when large amounts of ocean water are displaced by an earthquake.
Tsunami
This type of heat transfer in the mantle drives plate tectonics.
Convection
This boundary occurs when two plates slide past each other horizontally.
Transform
The point directly above the focus on Earth’s surface.
Epicenter
Molten rock that reaches Earth’s surface is called this.
Lava
The long crack or break in Earth’s crust where movement occurs.
Fault
The rigid outer layer made of crust and upper mantle that forms tectonic plates.
Lithosphere
The boundary type that forms mountains and deep ocean trenches.
Convergent
The seismic wave that travels the fastest through Earth.
P-Wave
A chain of volcanoes formed above a subduction zone is called this.
Volcanic Arc
This major fault in California is an example of a transform boundary.
San Andreas Fault
The layer beneath the lithosphere that behaves plastically and allows plates to move.
Asthenosphere
The underwater mountain chain formed at divergent plate boundaries.
Mid Ocean Ridge
These waves only travel through solids and cause the most shaking.
S-Wave
This horseshoe-shaped zone around the Pacific Ocean contains about 75% of the world’s volcanoes and many earthquakes.
Ring of Fire
The tallest mountain range on Earth formed from continental collision.
Himalayas
This process in the mantle moves hot material upward and cooler material downward, driving tectonic plate motion.
Mantle Convection
This process occurs when a denser oceanic plate sinks beneath another plate.
Subduction
The instrument scientists use to measure earthquakes.
Seismograph
This type of plate boundary commonly produces volcanic arcs and explosive volcanoes because one plate is forced beneath another.
Convergent
These deep ocean features form at subduction zones.
Ocean Trench