Rocks
Liquid rock forming under the Earth's crust
What is magma?
A type of volcano that has a shallow slope and spreads out over a large area. It resembles something a warrior would use.
What is a shield volcano?
What is historical geology?
A type of rock formed from intense heat and pressure
What is metamorphic rock?
A type of volcanic crater which is much larger than normal (at least 1 km) and is formed when part of the summit collapses into the magma chamber.
What is a caldera?
A principle that states that the processes occurring today (mountain building, erosion, deposition etc.) also have occurred throughout history.
What is the Principle of Uniformitarianism?
Liquid rock forming outside of Earth's crust and/or being expelled by a volcano
What is Lava?
A word that explains why the Hawaiian island chain was formed through volcanic activity even though it is not near a tectonic plate boundary
What is a hotspot?
Process of interpreting the order of events in Earth's history through the study of rock layers (formations).
What is relative-age dating? (See pg. 302-303)
A type of igneous rock that forms deep beneath Earth's surface, with grain sizes of the rock being several millimeters across
What is intrusive igneous rock?
A nickname for the region of the Earth responsible for 75% of Earth's active volcanoes, and 80-90% of the world's earthquakes.
What is the "Ring of Fire"?
Techniques which allow scientists to determine the actual age of rocks and other geological materials.
What is absolute-age dating?
A type of igneous rock that forms on Earth's surface or underwater, with grain sizes of the rock being microscopic
What is extrusive igneous rock?
Materials expelled from volcanoes into the air, such ash, cinders, lapilli, blocks and lava bombs
What is pyroclastic material?
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. (Bonus: How are they used in Geology?)
What is Isotopes? (Scientists can evaluate the half-life of isotopes present in geologic materials and calculate backwards much more precisely how old the material is.)