Mountains & Faults
Type of Mt. that forms when molten rock erupts from a hole in the earth's crust.
What is a volcanic mountain?
The study of the earth.
What is geology?
The central portion of the earth.
What is the core?
The fastest type of earthquake waves.
What are P waves?
Where about 80% if the world's earthquakes occur.
What is the circum-Pacific belt?
The channel in a volcano through which gases, ash, and molten rock are ejected from the earth's surface.
What is a vent?
A particle of block of solid volcanic ejecta.
What is a pyroclast?
The study of earthquakes.
What is seismology?
The fracture zone between stationary and moving rocks.
What is a fault?
The earth's outer layer made of solid rock.
What is the crust?
The middle of the earth's three main layers.
What is the mantle?
An earthquake caused by sudden movements of rock beneath the earth's surface.
What is a tectonic earthquake?
These kind of earthquakes make up 85% of all earthquakes.
What are shallow-focus earthquakes?
The underground chamber that is the actual source of a volcanic eruption.
What is the magma chamber?
A bowl-shaped hollow formed by the collapse of an underground chamber.
What is a caldera?
The study of volcanoes.
What is volcanology?
Type of mt. that is formed by the edges of two adjacent tectonoic plates pushing together.
What are folded mountains?
The most abundant element in the earth's crust.
What is oxygen?
The inner core of the earth is thought to be this.
What is solid?
Smaller earthquakes that often follow a larger earthquake at frequent intervals.
What are aftershocks?
An instrument used to record the vibrations caused by an earthquake.
What is a seismograph?
A volcano that is inactive but can erupt again.
What is a dormant volcano?
The general name for a mass of underground volcanic rock.
What is igneous intrusion?
Hardened lava with a surface that is either smooth or ropey.
What is pahoehoe?
Major type of fault that occurs when rocks on one side of the fault are shoved over the rocks on the other side.
What is a thrust fault?
Deposits of sand and mineral fragments laid down by water on the earth's surface.
What are sediments?
The bottom of the mantle.
The point deep in the earth where an earthquake begins.
What is the hypocenter?
An instrument used to to predict when a volcano will erupt.
What is seismometer?
Type of volcano that is formed partly by explosive eruptions of ash and rock fragments and partly by mild lava flows.
What is a composite volcano?
Hardened lava that forms rough, jagged rocks with a crumbly texture.
What is aa?
Large almond - or tear-drop-shaped ejecta formed when lava solidifies after being thrown high into the air.
What is a volcanic bomb?
Type of Mt. that forms when molten rock pushes up overlying rock layers without reaching the surface.
What are domed mountains?
The boundary line between the crust and the mantle.
What is the MOHO?
The area between the upper mantle and the lower mantle?
What is the transition zone?
The idea that rocks on either side of a fault spring to a position of little or no stress after an earthquake.
What is elastic rebound?
Scale used to measure the damage an earthquake does.
What is the modified Mercalli scale?
A large amount of dissolved gas will cause a volcanic reaction to be this.
What is violent?
Solid ejecta larger than 2 mm but less than 64 mm in diameter.
What are lapilli
A computer system that stores and processes geographic data from various sources.
What is a geographic information system (GIS)?
Type of fold that occurs when rocks buckle up to form an arch-like structure.
What is an anticline?
The idea that rapid movement of tectonic plates during the Flood is responsible for most of Earth's features.
What is catastrophic plate tectonics?
The plastic rock on which the tectonic plates float.
What is the asthenosphere?
The earthquake zone stretching from southern Europe to Indonesia.
Considered the most reliable method for measuring the energy released by an earthquake.
What is the moment magnitude scale?
Most volcanoes appear to be located along subduction zones and therefore they provide evidence for this.
What are plate tectonics?
A mass of underground volcanic rock that is similar to a laccolith but much much larger.
What is a batholith?
Scale used to measure the strength of a volcanic eruption?
What is the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)?