Unit 6: Waves & EMS
A wave whose particles vibrate perpendicularly to the direction the wave is traveling
What is a transverse wave?
This is the process by which nuclei of small atoms combine to form a new, more massive nucleus; the process releases energy
Nuclear fusion
Most of our understanding of the details of Earth's structure - whether layers are solid/liquid, temperature, and layer boundaries - come from this.
Studying seismic wave activity
This process forms U-shaped valleys.
Glacial erosion
***Know what this looks like!
The human population has been increasing for a very long time. What will happen when the rate of resource use is equal to the rate at which Earth replenishes those resources?
The population well level off or remain stable.
A wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction the wave is travelling
What is a longitudinal or compressional wave?
A star with the sun’s mass will stay on the main sequence part of its life cycle as long as it is doing this.
as long as it fuses hydrogen
Seismic waves do this when they travel through different materials.
Change speed and direction.
This weathering agent hurls sand against rocks and other grains of sand.
wind
***Know what this looks like!
How are fossil fuels formed/where can we get them?
ancient plants
This is how light behaves.
Light behaves as both a light and a particle
This is what our Sun will eventually become at the end of its lifecycle.
white dwarf
These natural occurrences are clustered near fault lines.
Earthquakes and Volcanoes
These are the four agents of change.
gravity
plants
wind
water
Name a place where we can get rocks and mineral resources from.
This is how wave speed compares for the different types of radiation on the electromagnetic spectrum.
all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed
During the 1920s, Edwin Hubble collected and studied the spectra of 46 galaxies. He determined that, except for a few nearby galaxies, all of the galaxies had spectra that showed this.
redshift - universe is expanding
This layer of Earth is where rocks are plastic, or very bendable.
asthenosphere
This is where the largest reservoir of carbon on Earth is.
Geosphere/rocks/soil
Earthquakes and volcanoes are common at plate boundaries. What is a BENEFIT of living near a plate boundary?
nutrient rich soil
What can waves transfer?
Energy only. No matter.
The big bang model indicates that protons and neutrons combined within 3 minutes after the big bang. These two lightest elements would have formed first.
hydrogen and helium
This is what causes the lithospheric (tectonic) plates to move.
Convection currents in the asthenosphere/mantle.
Give an example of a carbon sink on Earth.
plants, cyanobacteria, cold ocean water, mountain building
Describe how nutrients might be recycled in the BIOSPHERE.
decay of organic material adds nutrients to the soili used by plants
A wave is 5 meters long and has a frequency of 11 Hz. Find speed. (Wave speed= frequency x wavelength)
55 m/s
HOW does the proof of the universe expanding support the Big Bang Theory?
It implies it all came from a single point, or singularity.
This type of boundary creates rifts and ridges.
divergent boundaries
Give 2 examples of carbon sources on Earth.
livestock, humans, burning fossil fuels, plants in the winter, cement-making with limestone.
Name one PRO and one CON of advancing technology.
Pro - efficiency
Con - further depleting resources
A wave has a frequency of 4 Hz. Find its period.
(T=1/f)
0.25 seconds
THESE are the 3 main pieces of evidence that support the Big Bang Theory.
expansion of the universe
cosmic microwave background radiation
relative abundance of hydrogen and helium
Explain what land feature would be found at the 3 types of convergent boundary plate interactions.
Continental-Continental: mountains
Oceanic-Continental: subduction zone/small trench
Oceanic-Oceanic: Deep ocean trench/subduction zone
Name TWO ways that humans are affecting the climate.
adding carbon dioxide (greenhouse gas) by:
burning fossil fuels
cars
factories--->pollution
Name one hazard for each category:
geophysical, hydrological, climatological
geophysical - volcanoes, earthquakes
hydrological - tsunami, flood
climatological - drought, hurricane, extreme temperatures