what is a force?
A. a living thing
B. a push or a pull
C. a kind of energy
D. a type of chemical
B. push or a pull
An astronaut in space can see planets, moons, stars, and Earth in the sky. Which most likely makes its own light?
A. star
B. earth
C. moon
D. planet
A. star
Tommy and Maura record how many hours of sunlight on the first day of summer. Tommy lives in Alaska. Maura lives in Florida. How could they double check their own data?
A. record the hours again on the first day of winter
B. record the hours again from their own homes
C. go to each other's house and record the hours again
D. go to Texas and record the hours of sunlight together
B. record the hours again from their own homes
Keisha wants to model how a telescope works. Which could she use as a model?
A. microscope
B. telescope
C. hand lens
D. goggles
B. telescope
Marta had a picnic. She placed a bag of ice on a table in the shade and another bag in the sun. Both bags were the same size and shape. The ice in the sun melted more quickly. Why?
A. the bags of ice were different types
B. A summer day is usually warmer than a winter day
C. One table was larger than the other
D. things heat up more quickly in the sun than in the shade
D. things heat up more quickly in the sun than in the shade
Which is an example of overcoming gravity?
A. jumping in a pool
B. dropping a ball
C. skiing down a hill
D. catching a baseball
D. catching a baseball
One way scientists classify stars is by color. Blue stars are the hottest. Red stars are the coolest. The sun is a yellow star. Which statement is true?
A. the sun is cooler than a red star
B. the sun is hotter than a blue star
C. the sun is hotter than a red star
D. all stars have the same temperature
C. the sun is hotter than a red star
Hanna notices that the stars and the sun are very different. Which statement best tells why other stars appear different from the sun?
A. the stars are not as hot as the sun
B. the stars are smaller than the sun
C. the stars are closer to earth
D. the stars are further from Earth
D. the stars are further from Earth
Julio wants to use a model to show her class that the sun appears larger than other stars because it is closer to Earth. What could she use as her model?
A. a drawing of a large star and the sun
B. two foam balls of the same size
C. a picture of the sun next to a picture of a star
D. a model of the sun, Earth, and other planets
B. two foam balls of the same size
Two students want to sit outside in a place that is the coolest from 11:00am to 1:00pm. One thinks a shady spot will be cooler, but the other thinks a sunny spot would be just as cool. How could they use two thermometers to find out?
A. Compare the temperatures of the shady spot and a classroom from 11:00am to 1:00pm.
B. compare the temperatures of the sunny spot and a classroom from 11:00am to 1:00pm.
C. compare the temperatures of the shady spot and the sunny spot from 11:00am to 1:00pm
D. compare the temperatures of the shady spot from 11:00am to 1:00pm. with its temperature from 9:00am to 11:00am
C. compare the temperatures of the shady spot and the sunny spot from 11:00am to 1:00pm
Grant jumps into the air. Why does he come back down?
A. he did not jump on the trampoline
B. he did not jump with tennis shoes on
C. there is not enough air between his feet and the ground
D. there is no force that overcomes gravity's force on him
D. there is no force that overcomes gravity's force on him
A class uses a black box with pinholes and a lamp to model a night sky. They will count the stars from two distances. Which observation gives the most details about the stars?
A. I saw the same number of stars both times I looked
B. I counted 6 large, 11 medium, and 7 small stars
C. I saw stars in patterns of circles, squares, and rectangles
D. I counted by making marks on a separate piece of paper for each star
B. I counted 6 large, 11 medium, and 7 small stars
The sun is a star. Which of these best describes what makes up the sun?
A. fire
B.melted rock
C. hot, glowing gases
D. cold, glowing gases
C. hot, glowing gases
Which two tools work best for observing stars?
A. binoculars and telescope
B. microscope and telescope
C. telescope and magnifying glass
D. magnifying glass and binoculars
A. binoculars and telescope
Joel knows that the sun's radiant energy travels through space to Earth. Which is not an effect of radiant energy on Earth?
A. it causes Earth's land to heat up
B. it causes Earth's oceans to heat up
C. it causes objects to fall to Earth
D. it lights up the daytime sky
C. it causes objects to fall to Earth
What force causes a ball to fall when John lets go of it?
A. radiant energy
B. gravity
C. magnetism
D. a push
B. gravity
Imagine that there was suddenly no gravity on Earth. What would most likely happen to a picture hanging on a nail?
A. the picture would fall to the floor
B. the picture would float off the nail
C. the picture would shoot upward
D. you would not be able to get the picture off the nail
B. the picture would float off the nail
The sun is like other stars in many ways. How is the sun different from other stars?
A. It is made up of gases.
B. It is much closer to Earth.
C. It is much larger than Earth.
D. It is much hotter than Earth.
B. It is much closer to Earth.
Which of these statements about telescopes is true?
A. Telescopes work only at night.
B. Telescopes make stars look larger.
C. Telescopes make stars look farther away.
D. Telescopes let scientists see fewer stars because they are closer.
B. Telescopes make stars look larger.
The sun is a star that gives off energy. Which forms of the sun’s energy reach Earth?
A. light and heat
B. light and sound
C. heat and electricity
D. light and electricity
A. light and heat
Which is true about birds and gravity?
A. Birds avoid gravity by flying very quickly.
B. Birds fly by using forces to overcome gravity.
C. Birds fly by using heat to overcome gravity.
D. Birds are too light in weight to be pulled by gravity.
B. Birds fly by using forces to overcome gravity.
A teacher shows the class a picture of the sun and a picture of a star pattern, as seen from Earth. She points to the brightest star. What does the class know about the sun and the star from the pictures?
A. The sun is larger than the star.
B. The star is brighter than the sun.
C. The star and the sun both give off light.
D. The star and the sun are both the same size.
C. The star and the sun both give off light.
Amad looks through a telescope and sees five stars. Two stars appear brighter than the others. Which of these statements is true about the bright stars Amad sees?
A. Amad sees that the bright stars are the closest stars.
B. Amad can tell that the two bright stars are the exact same size.
C. Amad cannot determine the distance or exact size of the bright stars by looking.
D. Amad can see that the two bright stars are smaller and farther away than the other stars.
C. Amad cannot determine the distance or exact size of the bright stars by looking.
How might the water change in a swimming pool when it is heated by the sun’s radiant energy?
A. The water turns red.
B. The temperature rises.
C. The temperature lowers.
D. The temperature stays the same.
B. The temperature rises.