Plate Movements
What are the three types of plate movements?
Answer: What are divergent, convergent, and transform?
What is the process called where new oceanic crust is formed?
Answer: What is sea-floor spreading?
What was the name of the supercontinent that existed about 300 million years ago?
Answer: What is Pangaea?
What is the albedo affect?
Answer: The ability of surfaces to reflect sunlight
What are the two types of Earth's crust?
Answer: Continental and oceanic
What is an earthquake?
Answer: The sudden trembling of the ground.
What happens at a convergent plate boundary?
Answer: What is that plates push against each other?
Which geological feature is formed at a divergent boundary?
Answer: What is a mid-ocean ridge?
How did the concept of Pangaea help explain the distribution of fossils?
Answer: How does it show that species spread across continents?
When a change to a system causes a cycle of change that can regulate itself, preventing it from amplifying, it is referred to as __________ feedback.
Answer: Negative Feedback
Where does convection occur in Earth's lnterior?
Answer: The asthenosphere
What are the two different types of body waves that an earthquake creates?
Answer: P waves and S waves
What type of boundary is formed when plates slide past each other?
Answer: What is a transform boundary?
What evidence supports the theory of sea-floor spreading?
Answer: What are magnetic stripes on the ocean floor?
Which scientist proposed the idea of Pangaea?
Answer: Who is Alfred Wegener?
When a change to a system causes a cycle of change that gets more and more intense, or amplified, it
is referred to as __________ feedback.
Answer: Positive Feedback
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Scientists theorize that early in its formation, Earth was a molten mass of uniform (evenly mixed) composition. This early Earth would have had a mixture of both heavy, dense elements and light, less dense elements, describe how Earth’s structure changed due to the gravitational force.
What type of wave causes the most damage from and earthquake?
Answer: Surface waves ( Rayleigh and Love )
How do plate movements cause earthquakes?
Answer: What is the stress that builds up when plates move?
How does sea-floor spreading affect the age of oceanic crust?
Answer: What is that it gets older as you move away from the ridge?
What evidence did Wegener use to support his theory of Pangaea?
Answer: What are similar rock formations and fossils on different continents?
A scenario where warming temperatures cause permafrost to thaw, releasing additional greenhouse gasses and amplifying warming is what type of feedback?
Answer: Positive Feedback
Why does convection occur inside of the Earth?
Answer: Hot rock rises through the asthenosphere relative to the cooler rocks around it. This causes the rock to rise and eventually cool as it reaches the surface of the earth.
Where is the epicenter of an earthquake relative to where the earthquake occurs?
Answer: The location along the Earth’s surface that is directly above the focus of the earthquake. Where the quake is first felt.
What is the mechanism for tectonic plate movement?
Answer: Convection within the Earth's asthenosphere
What type of plate boundary is associated with sea-floor spreading?
Answer: What is a divergent boundary?
When did Pangaea begin to break apart?
Answer: What is about 200 million years ago?
In the context of the Earth's temperature, how can the amount of sea ice demonstrate a change in Earth's systems?
less sea ice indicates change in temperature
How were seismograms used to infer the structure of the Earth?
Answer: Seismic waves are refracted as they move across boundaries between substances of different densities. The more DENSE the material, the faster the waves can move through it.
Why do we use the Richter scale over the Modified Mercalli scale for measuring earthquake intensity?
Answer: The Richter scale measures the energy released from an earthquake which is objective. Compared to the Modified Mercalli scale which measured damage caused from an earthquake which is subjective.