Earthquake Quiz

Definitions

1

fault creep

Slow, almost continuous movement of rock along a fault

2

magnitude

The strength of an earthquake

3

normal fault

hanging wall slides down foot wall, resulting from tensional forces

4

strike-slip fault

when two blocks move horizontally past eachother

5

p waves

First detected in seismograph, primary wave, go through solid, liquid, or gas

More Definitions

1

Focus

Can be any depth, point in earth where earthquake begins

2

seismograph

an instrument that measures and records seismic waves

3

Rayleigh waves

slower than love waves and moves forward in a elliptical motion

4

BONUS: Earthquake

a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.

5

BONUS: Seismology

the branch of science concerned with earthquakes and related phenomena.

True Or False Prep

1

What does the moment magnitude scale measure?

It measures the strength and energy of different earthquakes

2

How often is the earths crust moving?

ALL THE TIME!!!!

3

Which causes more damage: Deep focus earthquake or shallow focus earthquake?

shallow focus earthquake

4

Which causes more damage, surface or body waves

Surface waves

5

Define Liquifaction

The process by which soil loses strength and acts like a liquid instead of a solid. can also create sand boils.

Multiple Choice Prep

1

Where are earthquakes most likely to occur?

Tectonic plate boundaries

2

What types of things other than fault movement can cause earthquakes?

Stress, explosions, volcanoes, cracking, etc.

3

where do earthquakes with higher magnitudes occur?

Deep focus (301+ Km deep)

4

Define and describe epicenter

Point on surface directly above focus. ground movement usually felt strongest  because closest to focus.

5

What are some engineering strategies for preventing structure damage during an earthquake?

Designs to sway during earthquakes and stay sturdy, and emergency switches to void gas and electric pipe/line damage.

Short Answer

1

Explain the difference between intensity and magnitude

Intensity: Scale of earthquakes damage and strength

Magnitude: Measure of energy after earthquake

2

Why do aftershocks occur

Large earthquakes send out seismic waves to make tremors (aftershock)

3

What are the effects of liquefaction?

It causes soil to behave like liquid and can make sand boils. which can sink cars and buildings down below.

4

What causes tsunamis?

They are caused by sudden ocean floor movement by earthquakes which make it take water and grow in height while decreasing in length.

5

Explain the difference between the movement of a fault during an earthquake and a fault creep.

A fault moves fast and violent while a fault creep is slow and weak.