What is an Earthquake?
A fracture in the Earth where movement has occurred
What is a fault?
Put these seismic waves in order from fastest to slowest: Surface waves, P waves, S waves
What is: P waves, S waves, Surface waves?
These are the two things measured in earthquakes
What are magnitude and intensity?
Soil and rock that are saturated with water are prone to this earthquake hazard.
What is liquefaction?
Based on composition, what are the layers of Earth?
What is the crust, mantle, and core?
The place on the surface directly above an earthquake focus
What is an epicenter?
This wave only temporarily changes the shape of material that transmits them and since liquids and gases do not return to shape, cannot transmit it
What is an S wave?
Scientists use this to more precisely measure earthquakes instead of the outdated Richter scale. It estimates the energy released.
What is the moment magnitude?
Earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides that occur underwater create this type of earthquake hazard.
What is a tsunami?
The composition of the Earth's core is:
What is iron and nickel?
The kind of energy stored in rock that breaks, creating seismic waves, but springs back.
What is elastic rebound?
Recorded by a seismograph, this is a time record of ground motion during and earthquake - it shows all three types of seismic waves.
What is a seismogram?
This is the type of graph scientist use to determine the epicenter of the earthquake.
What is a travel-time graph?
An area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity for a long period of time.
What is a seismic gap?
These are the Earth's five layers based on properties
What are the lithosphere, asthenosphere, lower mantle, outer core, and inner core?
Can occur before and after and earthquake
What are aftershocks and foreshocks
These are the two scales that measure magnitude of an earthquake.
What are richter and moment magnitude scales?
San Francisco has an S-P interval of 1 min, Oakland has an S-P interval of 1 min 30 sec, and Palm Springs has an S-P interval of 3 min. The epicenter is furthest from this city
What is Palm Springs?
Loose sediment on steep slopes create an earthquake hazard known as this
What is a landslide?
This layer has liquid, magnetic physical properties
What is the outer core?
A vibration of the Earth produced by the rapid release of energy within the lithosphere.
What is an earthquake?
This scale measures earthquakes based on intensity and damage, up to 12 steps.
What is the modified mercalli scale?
This is how many seismic stations need to provide data to locate the epicenter of an earthquake, at least.
What is three?
These three things can reduce earthquake damage and loss of life.
What are: assessing risk, seismic-safe design, and earthquake safety?
This layer has a cool rigid shell and consists of the crust and uppermost mantle
What is the lithosphere?