Forces Within Earth
Term for when strain pulls the rock apart
Tension
Point above the surface of the origin point
Epicenter
Roughly 90% of all earthquakes occur in the ______________, also known as the "Ring of Fire".
Circum-Pacific Belt
Tsunamis are large ocean waves produced by ______.
Undersea earthquakes
The closest major fault line to MBA is the ________ fault line.
New Madrid
Large fault running down the spine of California
San-Andreas Fault
Device used to measure earthquake intensity
Seismometer
The numeric magnitude of the Richter scale increases by ___ fold.
32
Tsunamis are formed when water is pushed up by both _______ and ________ faults.
Normal, Reverse
In ____, a tsunami off the coast of Japan triggered the Fukashima disaster.
2011
Total force acting on crustal rocks per unit of area
Stress
Underground origin point
Focus
The modified Mecalli scale measures _________ caused by the earthquake.
damage
When a tsunami reaches shallow area, the shelf acts as a breaker, causing the wave to reach heights of up to ______.
30m (100ft)
The _______________ of 2004 was so powerful that it reached as far west as Somalia.
Indian Ocean Tsunami
Type of fault where the two plates rub against each other. (eg. San Andreas)
Strike-Slip
Surface waves create a rolling motion, resembling _________.
Ocean Waves
The Momentum Magnitude scale measures the _______ of the earthquake.
Intensity
Although the main cause of tsunamis is undersea earthquakes, mega tsunamis can also be caused by ___________.
large water displacements, such as meteorite impacts
In 1958, the largest tsunami ever recorded occured in Lituya Bay, Alaska, and reached heights of ____ feet.
1720
When stress builds up and surpasses the ________, it leads to plastic deformation.
Elastic Limit
Because they cannot travel through the liquid outer core, Primary (P) waves create an area called the __________ on the other side of the core.
P-wave shadow zone
The numbers on the Richter scale are measured by the hight of the largest seismic wave, called the ________.
Amplitude
On the open ocean, tsunamis can hit speeds of __________.
between 500 and 800 km/h (310 to 500 mph)
The largest earthquake ever recorded hit ________ in 1960, with a magnitude of 9.5.
Chile