Earthquake
Vibrations caused by the rupture and sudden movement of rocks along a break or a crack in Earth's crust.
What is an EARTHQUAKE?
A scientist who studies earthquakes is called this.
Who is a SEISMOLOGIST?
A vent in Earth's crust through which molten rock flows.
What is a VOLCANO?
A small, steep-sided volcano that erupts gas-rich, basaltic lavas and is often found on or near larger volcanoes is referred to as this.
What is a CINDER CONE?
This effect moves so slowly that it is rarely deadly but can cause much damage.
What is a LAVA FLOW?
The location on Earth's surface directly above the place inside Earth where rocks first move and seismic waves originate.
What is an EPICENTER?
This type of seismic wave causes particles in the ground to move in a push-pull motion similar to a coiled spring. These waves also arrive first to a seismometer.
What is a PRIMARY WAVE (or P WAVE)?
Most volcanoes occur at or near these types of locations.
What are PLATE BOUNDARIES?
A large, gentle-sloped volcano that results from quiet eruptions of basaltic lavas along divergent plate boundaries and oceanic hot spots is termed this.
What is a SHIELD VOLCANO?
Thermal energy that melts snow and ice during an eruption causing meltwater and other debris to be swept down mountainsides is called this.
What is a MUDFLOW (or LAHAR)?
A location inside Earth where rocks first move along a fault and from which seismic waves originate.
What is a FOCUS?
A type of seismic wave that causes particles in the ground to move up and down in a rolling motion is called this.
What is a SURFACE WAVE?
The area around the Pacific Ocean where roughly 75% of volcanoes on the Earth's surface are found is referred to as this.
What is the RING OF FIRE?
A large, steep-sided volcano that results from explosive eruptions and generally occurs along convergent plate boundaries is called this.
What is a COMPOSITE VOLCANO (or STRATOVOLCANO)?
The tiny particles of pulverized volcanic rock and glass, that may be sent high into the atmosphere causing ash fall, are called this.
What is VOLCANIC ASH?
A crack or fracture in Earth's lithosphere along which one block of rock moves toward, away from or past another.
What is a FAULT?
This type of seismic wave causes particles to move at right angles relative to the direction the wave travels. These waves also arrive second to a seismometer.
What is SECONDARY WAVE (or S WAVE)?
A location where volcanoes form far from plate boundaries is called this.
What is a HOT SPOT?
A mound of viscous (thick) lava which has been extruded from a volcanic vent, such as the one that occurred following the eruption of Mt. Saint Helens, is called this.
What is a LAVA DOME?
Caused by explosive volcanoes, this moves at speeds of more than 100km/hr and can reach temperatures above 1000 degrees Celsius.
What is a PYROCLASTIC FLOW?
Three types of faults include normal faults, reverse faults, and this type of fault.
What is a STRIKE-SLIP FAULT?
An instrument that measures and records ground motion and can be used to determine the distance seismic waves travel.
What is a SEISMOMETER or SEISMOGRAPH?
The three types of volcanoes we studied are called this?
What are CINDER CONE, COMPOSITE, and SHIELD VOLCANOES?
A large, bowl-shaped volcanic depression, which forms when the top of a volcanic cone collapses into the space left after magma is ejected during a violent volcanic eruption is referred to as this.
What is a CALDERA?
Volcanic eruptions, due to ash in the atmosphere blocking and reflecting sunlight, can cause this.
What is a DECREASE IN TEMPERATURE (or CLIMATE CHANGE)?