Masters of Measurement
Scientists who measure earthquakes are called...
Seismologists
True or False: Volcanoes can only form at plate boundaries.
False - can also form at hot spots
True or False: Klamath Falls is located on several fault lines that frequently shift, causing earthquakes.
True
List the types of volcanoes from least to most explosive.
Shield, cinder cone, composite
Define viscosity.
Resistance to flow
Lava A flows at a rate of 5 m/s, while Lava B flows at a rate of 10 m/s. Which lava has a higher viscosity?
Lava A
Divergent - normal faults
Convergent - reverse faults
Transform - strike-slip faults
Order the 3 types of seismic waves from fastest to slowest.
P-waves, S-waves, surface waves
In which type of volcano would you expect the magma to have low-medium levels of silica and medium amounts of dissolved gas?
Cinder cones
What are 2 possible hazards of volcanoes?
Lava flows, ash falls, lahars (mudflows), pyroclastic flows
Which scale is used to measure an earthquake's strength (magnitude)? Which scale is used to measure an earthquake's intensity (what people feel)? Make sure it is clear which scale is which!
Magnitude - Richter scale
Intensity - (modified) Mercalli scale
A scientists tells you that a recent earthquake hit 17 degrees due north from Henley at a depth of 10 km. Is this scientists telling you the focus or the epicenter of the earthquake? Explain.
Focus - has information about depth
Which kind of waves move in a push and pull (compression) motion?
P-waves
_____ volcanoes are very large but gently sloped. _____ volcanoes are small and round but have steep sides. _____ volcanoes are very large and steep.
Shield; cinder cone; composite/stratovolcano
True or False: Pineapple does not belong on pizza.
False!
In which type of volcano would you expect to measure the most amount of dissolved gas in the lava? Explain why.
Composite/stratovolcanoes - because they're the most explosive.
Give an example of a composite volcano.
Mt. Rainier, Mt. St. Helens, Mt. Mazama, Mt. Fuji, Mt. Mazama, etc.
Which kind of seismic waves cause the most damage?
Surface
The less viscous the lava, the ________ (more or less - pick one) explosive the eruption.
Less
Which volcano type has slow, steady eruptions with smooth-flowing lava?
Shield volcanoes
In which type of volcano would you expect to find lava with the most silica? Explain why.
Composite/stratovolcano: more silica = more viscous = more explosive
At which kind of boundary could you expect an earthquake to occur but not a volcano to form?
Transform boundaries
Which type of seismic waves can move through both solids and liquids?
P-waves
At which type of boundary did the Cascade volcanoes form?
Convergent (specifically ocean-continental)
What is the name for a graphical illustration of earthquake waves?