Earthquakes
True or false. We can predict earthquakes.
false
Two types of seismic waves
What are the three types of volcanoes?
Shield, cinder cone, composite
What is pyroclastic material?
Rock, dust, ash that explodes from a volcano
The area of land surrounding the pacific plate where the majority of active volcanoes are found
The Ring of Fire
How do we measure an earthquake's intensity?
observable destructiveness
Difference between love waves and rayleigh waves
love - irregular, side to side, faster
Rayleigh - up and down, most destructive
What are the three phases of a volcano?
Active (in the last 10,000 years)
Dormant (hasn't erupted in 10,000 years but expected to again some day)
Extinct (no longer expected to erupt)
Which is the most explosive type of lava?
Granitic (most gas and thickest)
small shakes that occur after a major earthquake
aftershock
This method is what is used to locate the epicenter of an earthquake
Triangulation
Which wave hits the seismic station first?
P wave - type of body wave
this volcano is the widest (not the tallest)
shield
This type of lava forms on the ocean floor
Pillow lava
Where did Ms. Silance go to college?
Explain the difference between the epicenter and the focus.
Epicenter - location directly above focus on the surface of the earth
On a seismogram, which wave displays the highest amplitude (causes the most destruction)?
Surface waves
Explain the difference between effusive and explosive eruptions
effusive - slow, non violent
explosive - rapid, sends particles in the air, violent
What are the two types of basaltic lava? Describe what they look like.
Aa (cooler, thicker, slower) - rough and jagged
Pahoehoe (hotter, thinner, faster) - twisted and ropey
How do earthquake scientists use P and S waves to determine the how far the focus of the earthquake is from the station? (First step in triangulation)
Measure the p-s time interval (difference in when P and S waves hit)
To produce an earthquake, what must occur?
Stress and pressure build up on a fault that overcomes the friction and "rebounds"
(Elastic rebound theory)
List 3 differences between P waves and S waves
P - first, faster than S, passes through all material
S - second, slower than P, passes through solids only
Give 3 major hazards of volcanoes
This is the term used for mudslides/land displacement that occurs after a volcano
Which earthquake was the largest one ever recorded?
Chilean earthquake of 1960