Category 1
a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow
viscosity
the vibration of the earth produced by the rapid release of energy
earthquake
tendency of deformed rock along a fault to spring back to its original shape after an earthquake
elastic rebound theory
an opening in the surface of earth through which molten rock and gases can escape
vent
a fracture in earth, along which movement has occured
fault
volcano belt that rims/outlines the pacific ocean
ring of fire
the volcanic rock ejected during a volcanic eruption, including ash, bombs, and blocks
pyroclastic material
Seismic waves that travel along the surface of the earth
surface waves
the depression at the summit of a volcano or is produced by a meteorite impact
crater
a large depression typically caused by a collapse or ejection of all the magma below a volcano. Then, it rains, and becomes a lake.
caldera
vibrations that travel through the earth carrying energy that is released during earthquakes
seismic waves
the point within the earth where an earthquake starts
focus
the location on earth's surface directly above the focus
epicenter
the crust and the upper part of the mantle that is solid
lithosphere
a phenomenon associated with earthquakes in which the saturated ground shakes, and becomes like quicksand
liquefaction
this makes up the lower part of the mantle
asthenosphere
a small volcano built primarily of pyroclastic material ejected from a single vent
cinder cone
seismic waves that shake particles perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling
s waves
earthquake wave that pushes and pulls rock in the same direction as the wave
p wave
a horizontal line of intrusive magma that is between layers of sedimentary rock
sill
a volcano composed of both lava flows and pyroclastic material
composite cone
a massive igneous body intruded between preexisting rock strata (layers)
laccolith
a large mass of igneous rock that formed when magma intruded at depth and became crysallized
batholith
a vertical igneous intrusion that cuts through preexisting rock layers
dike
a broad, gently sloping volcano built from fluid (thin) basaltic lavas
shield volcano