What is earthquakes are formed by slippage along a fault caused by stress changes in the Earth.
100
What is divergent boundary volcanism? Give an example.
What is two plates separate and magma rises, forming a volcano. Generally form on the ocean floor or another example is the East African Rift Valley.
100
What are the three main types of volcanoes?
What is shield, composite cone, cinder cone.
200
What is fault creep?
What is slow gradual movement of two plates that are slowly moving over time. Not an earthquake...
200
Explain and give an example of convergent boundary volcanism.
What is oceanic plate subducts beneath continental plate, magma forms and rises through the continental plate and forms a volcano. Andes mtns. Can also happen when an oceanic plate subducts and an island arc is formed.
200
Give a characteristic of each of the three volcanoes.
What is shield - large, formed from the deep ocean floor, composite - generate most explosive eruptions, cinder - hardened magma in the vent that solidifies and erodes.
300
What is the difference between the focus and the epicenter?
What is the focus is the point inside the Earth where the earthquake begins. The epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface about the focus.
300
What is interplate volcanism and give an example.
What is hot spots - Hawaii. The plate moves. The hot spot doesn't move.
300
How is the epicenter of an earthquake found?
What is earthquakes are pin-pointed through triangulation of three or more points of seismic data.
400
What is elastic rebound?
What is the rapid release of energy stored in rock that has been subject to extreme forces and causes an earthquake.
400
What is decompression melting.
What is hot mantle rock rises and the decrease in pressure lowers the melting point, so the rock melts, forming magma.
400
What is a caldera?
What is hot spring activity.
500
Compare and contrast P and S waves.
What is
P - move through solids and liquids, push/pull, faster, first
S - solids only, up/down, slower, more damage
Both - come from same focus, begin at same time, both felt on the surface.
500
Explain how magma is formed when solid plate subducts into the mantle.
What is heat in the form of friction, heat from the lower mantle, and a decrease in pressure allow the rock to melt.
500
How is a volcano formed?
What is a crack develops in the crust as magma is forced upwards into a magma chamber. Gas-rich magma rises up and reaches the surface at a vent. Repeated eruptions build a volcano.