Plate Tectonics
any trace of an ancient organism that is preserved in a rock?
Fossil
This is the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy in all directions.
earthquake
study of earthquake waves
seismology
the origin of motion below the surface along the fault cause by stress
focus
This plate boundary features mid-ocean ridges, and generates shallow earthquakes
divergent boundary
Which plate boundary forms mountains?
Convergent
the point on the earth's surface directly above the focus
epicenter
vibrations occur as the deformed rock "springs back" to its original shape
elastic rebound
3 station recordings are need to locate this
epicenter
This guy hypothesized that all the continents were once joined together in a single landmass called Pangaea?
Alfred Wegner
Which type of plate slides past each other?
transform
instrument that records seismic waves
seismograph
measures total energy released by an earthquake (not seismograph)
moment magnitude
Give an example of a type of damage earthquakes can cause.
liquefaction, landslide, fire, tsunami
What are the 3 types of plate boundaries?
divergent, convergen, and transform
pacific/north american
List the following seismic waves from fastest to slowest:
surface, p-wave, s-wave
p-wave, s-wave, surface wave
There are at least 5 things that the destruction caused be earthquakes is based on. What factors determine how much damage an earthquake creates? Give 2.
intensity, duration, distance, nature of surface materials, design of structure
This scale was good for small, local earthquakes, not typically used by scientists anymore
Richter scale
What are the 3 types of convergent boudaries?
continent-continent
continent-ocean
ocean-ocean
What evidence can you present for plate tectonics?
fossils, sea floor spreading, climate, geologic features (mt ranges, coastlines match up) etc.
Label the parts of a wave, earthquake energy travels in waves.
-I'll show you the image
crest, trough, wavelength, and amplitude
Explain the type of motions created by the p-wave and the s-wave.
p- wave is a push pull, compression motion
s-wave is a side to side, shear motion
Compare the differences between:
body waves, and surface waves
1. body waves travels within the earth, p and s waves
2. can only travel on the surface, rayleigh and love waves
List the order of the layers of the Earth, from the surface down to the interior.
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core