Vocabulary
A sudden movement of Earth's crust that releases energy
What is an earthquake
The type of waves that arrive second
What is s-waves
Large amounts of snow and rock that move rapidly downhill over a steep slope
What is an avalanche
Name the two axes labels on the table on page 11 in reference table
What is a epicenter distance and travel time
The term for the bending of p-waves when they reach the outer core, the liquid layer of the Earth
What is refraction
the point where the earthquake actually starts
What is the focus
P-waves can travel through _________, while S-waves can travel through ___________
1.) solids, liquids, and gases
2.) only solids
Name two types of hazards that can occur as a result of an earthquake
What are landslides, tsunamis, avalanches, fires
The phenomena that occurs when molecules are heated and pass their vibrational energy to nearby molecules by direct contact
What is conduction
A small earthquake that follows the main earthquake
What is aftershock
The type of movement made by a P wave
What is push & pull/ compress & expand
Name the two types of scales used to measure earthquakes
What are Richter and Moment magnitude
The term for the difference between the two types of waves
Explain why the moment magnitude scale is more commonly used than the Richter scale
Because it takes into account more variables.
Richter scale- only amplitude
Moment magnitude- fault zone displacement, rock resistance, energy released
What are seismograms
The two MAIN types of waves (Hint: not p and s waves)
What is surface waves and body waves
During a tsunami, water is ______, to cause the gigantic wave that rushes toward the surface
What is displaced
When is the wedge method used
When you have the difference between the two arrival times and you are trying to find the distance
Find the time difference between the following times:
p-wave arrival- 04:34:30
s-wave arrival- 04:36:00
What is 1 minute 30 seconds
the time inferred between the breaking of rocks that causes an earthquake and when the event is detected at a given location
What is the travel time
P waves arrive first to a location because they have a faster _______.
What is velocity
The term for what happens when saturated ground turns to fluid and acts like a quicksand- like substance
What is liquefaction
Find the p-wave travel time for a distance from the epicenter of 3000km.
00:05:40
The phenomena that occurs on a certain section of Earth where there is an absence of either s-waves or both p- and s-waves on seismograms in that area after an earthquake occurred somewhere on the other side of the Earth
What is shadow zone