A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume.
What is stress
100
This is the shaking and trembling that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth’s surface
What is an earthquake
100
A fault in which the hanging wall has moved downward relative to the footwall, usually happens where tension exists in the crust or it is being pulled apart.
What is a normal fault
100
A scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity and how much damage they cause at a particular place.
What is the Mercalli Scale
100
The point on Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.
What is the epicenter
200
Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle
What is tension
200
Also called shear waves, these slower seismic waves can travel only through solid materials. They produce an up-and-down or side-to-side motion
What is an S-wave
200
The block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault.
What is the footwall
200
The measurement of an earthquake’s strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults
What is magnitude
200
An upward fold in rock formed by compression of Earth's crust.
What is the anticline
300
A force that pushes on or squeezes a material.
What is compression
300
A type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach the Earth's surface
What is a Surface wave
300
In this fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the foot wall. Usually the result of the compression of the crust.
What is a reverse fault
300
A scale that rates an earthquake’s magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves.
What is the Ritcher Scale
300
The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake
What is the focus
400
A type of stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions. It causes rock to break and slip apart or to change shape.
What is shearing
400
A compression wave, fastest of seismic waves, that can pass through any substance (gas, liquid or solid.)
What is P-wave
400
A type of fault in which rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up or down motion
What is a Strike-Slip fault
400
A device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through Earth.
What is a seismograph
400
A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level.
What is a plateau
500
a wave of energy generated by the earths vibration
What are seismic waves
500
The water displaced by the earthquake may form a large wave called this
What is a tsunami
500
The block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault.
What is the hanging wall
500
A scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by an earthquake.
What is the Moment Magnitude Scale
500
A fold in rock that bends downward to form a valley.