Earthquakes
What is an earthquake?
An earthquake is the sudden release of strain energy in the Earth's crust, resulting in waves of shaking that radiate outwards from the earthquake source.
What is the difference between lava and magma?
Magma is underground while lava is above ground.
How is an igneous rock created?
Magma cooling.
What is a tsunami?
A tsunami is a destructive wave that can wipe out shorelines.
What are 2 examples of minerals?
Gems and rocks.
Where is the hypocenter?
The hypocenter is the spot on the fault where the energy is first released.
What is a crater?
A crater is the funnel-shaped depression that usually lies directly above the vent from which volcanic material is ejected.
How is a sedimentary rock created?
Sediment with compaction and cementation.
The layers on sedimentary rock are called what?
Strata.
In how many ways can a miniral be formed? What are they?
4, cooling of lava, cooling of magma, the evaporation of a solution in which the disoved miniral are left behind, and precipitation of solids from a solution.
Where is the epicenter?
The epicenter is directly above the hypocenter.
How can a volcano change the climate?
Ash and gases can block the sun which can drop the average global temprature.
How is a metamorphic rock created?
A sedimentary rock with heat and pressure or an igneous rock with heat and pressure.
What is an intrusive igneous rock?
They are formed below Earth's surface, had time to cool slowly and therefore contain crystals and a large miniral grain.
What does clarity and luster mean?
Clarity- how clear the gem is
Luster- how the miniral reflects light [shininess]
Is the after shock predictable?
No.
How is a volcano created?
Every time lava comes out of a volcano another layer of volcano is created as the lava cools.
How is sediment created?
A metaorphic rock with weathering and lithification and a sedimentary rock with weathering and lithification.
What is an extrusive igneous rock?
They are formed on Earth's surface, they cooled quickly and therefore had no time to form crystals, they are smooth and glassy with small or almost no miniral grain.
What are diamonds created by, what does it cool into and were does this happen?
Magma, kimberlight and crust.
What is the difference of a seismogram and a seismograph?
Seismogram- a record of data that shows the magnitude of the waves and how long the waves lasted
Seismograph- measures the amount of energy released by an earthquake
What are 2 ways that scientists can predict volcanic eruptions?
Moniter for Earthquakes that allows for magma to rise and study the gas emitted.
How is magma created?
By metamorphic rock melting or an igneous rock melting.
What does organic material mean?
Things that are living or were once living.
What brings kimberlight closer to the Earth's surface and how does a diamond appear when it is harvested by miners.
Deep and high speed eruptions and rough.