Show:
Seismic Waves
Causes of Earthquakes
Earthquake Parts
Measuring Earthquakes
Effects of Earthquakes
100
Which seismic wave travels the fastest?
Primary waves
100
Where do most earthquakes occur?
at plate boundaries
100
What is the point where a fault first ruptures (breaks)?
Focus
100
What is a measure of the effects of an earthquake?
intensity
100
what causes the most injury and damage during an earthquake?
collapsing buildings
200
What type of seismic waves is the most destructive?
Surface waves
200
What causes tectonic plates to move and interact at plate boundaries?
Convection in the mantl
200
What is the location on the surface where earthquakes begin?
epicenter
200
what is the measurement of the energy released by an earthquake?
magnitude
200
identify 2 or more hazards of an earthquake.
fires, tsunamis, landslides, loose sediment, liquefaction, collapsing buildings
300
Name the seismic wave that causes rock particles to move in a perpendicular motion to the traveling wave.
secondary wave
300
What type of energy is stored in rocks before a fault ruptures?
Elastic strain
300
what is the difference in arrival times of P- and S- waves?
lag time
300
Which 2 scales are used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake? which one is a more accurate scale? you must get all parts of the question correct to get the points
Richter scale and moment magnitude scale (accurate: moment magnitude)
300
what is retrofitting?
the process of making older buildings more earthquake resistant.
400
P-waves can travel through these layers of Earth's interior.
all layers- crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core.
400
Why are earthquakes far from plate boundaries dangerous and hazardous?
People do not expect them and are therefore unprepared for them.
400
what are the 3 steps of triangulation in the correct order?
1) Find the lag times. 2) Find the distance to the epicenter using a graph. 3) Plot the distance on a map and locate the area of intersection.
400
How much energy is released when the number on the magnitude scale increases from 6.7 to 7.7?
30 times more energy is released
400
List 2 or more ways to prevent buildings from hazards during earthquakes.
build structures with flexible materials such as wood and metals; build shorter structures; have a strong foundation; make the building anchored firmly into the ground; retrofit old structures
500
The shadow zone is formed when p-waves __________ through the outer core and also because s-waves ________________through the liquid outer core. (must get both answers correct)
bend (change directions); cannot penetrate (cannot go through)
500
Earthquakes at this type of plate boundary can be both shallow and deep.
convergent boundaries
500
How is a seismogram different from a seismograph?
the seismogram is the paper that records the shaking caused by seismic waves. a seismograph is the tool used to measure the shaking.
500
What factors are considered when measuring the magnitude of an earthquake? (list 2 or more)
size of the fault rupture, amount of movement along the fault, strength of rocks, ground shaking
500
What can cause a high intensity value, high magnitude, large waves recorded on a seismogram, and more hazardous conditions during an earthquake?
BEING NEAR THE EPICENTER