Earthquakes & Volcanoes 1
what is elastic rebound?
the sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its original shape, causing a massive release of energy
what is the richter scale?
A mathematical scale that measures the actual amount of seismic activity of an earthquake
what is the focus?
The point inside the earth where an earthquake begins
what is a seismograph?
An instrument that measures and records earthquake waves
what is the epicenter?
The point on earth’s surface directly above the focus
what is the moment magnitude scale?
A scale used to measure an earthquake’s intensity based on the amount of energy released
what are s waves?
second fastest seismic wave, move only through solids
what are p waves?
fastest type of seismic wave, move through solids, liquids, and gasses
what are surface waves?
Seismic waves that travel only across the earth’s surface
what is lava?
Magma that has reached earth’s surface
what is magma?
Melted rock beneath earth’s surface
what is an active volcano?
A volcano that has erupted recently or will erupt soon
A place where one tectonic plate is pushed under another tectonic plate
what is a hot spot?
Places on earth’s surface that are directly above a column of rising magma
what is a dormant volcano?
A volcano that has not erupted for a long time but may erupt again
what is an extinct volcano?
A volcano that can no longer erupt
what is pyroclastic material?
Solid volcanic material such as ash and rocks
what are the two ways that volcanoes form?
hot spots & plate boundaries
what are aftershocks?
tremors that follow major earthquakes
what is triangulation?
A method scientists use to determine the epicenter of an earthquake by finding its distance from 3 different seismographs
what are the 3 different types of volcanoes?
shield, cinder cone, and composite
what is the Ring of Fire?
The rim of the Pacific Ocean, around which many violent volcanoes erupt
what is a shield volcano?
volcano built almost entirely of lava
what is a cinder cone volcano?
volcano built from ash and cinders
what is a composite volcano?
volcano built from lava, ash, and cinders