Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions is called ___________.
shearing.
100
The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and triggers an earthquake is called the _______________.
focus
100
What scale would most likely be used to tell how much earthquake damage was done to homes and other buildings?
The Mercalli scale
100
A building designed to reduce the amount of energy that reaches the building during an earthquake is called a ______________.
base-isolated building
100
Vibrations that move through the ground carrying the energy released during an earthquake are called _______________
Seismic waves
200
In a normal fault, the part of the fault that lies below the other part is called the _________________
footwall.
200
The type of seismic waves that arrive at the surface first and move by compressing and expanding the ground like an accordion are called __________________
P waves
200
What does a seismograph record?
The ground movements caused by seismic waves
200
The best way to protect yourself in an earthquake is to ______________.
drop, cover, and hold
200
A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume is called ______________
stress
300
Which type of stress force produces reverse faults?
compression
300
S waves are also known as ____________.
secondary waves
300
Which of the following can cause damage days or months after a large earthquake?
an aftershock
300
The risk of earthquakes is high along the Pacific coast of teh United States because ______________.
that's where the Pacific and North American plates meet.
300
In a strike-slip fault, the rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways with little_____________
up-or-down movement
400
The land between two normal faults moves upward to form a ____________.
fault-block mountain.
400
Compared to P waves and S waves, surface waves move ____________.
slower
400
If the Coast Guard warns of a giant wave of water approaching the shore as a result of a major earthquake, they are warning of a _____________
tsunami
400
Most earthquake-related deaths and injuries result from ______________.
damage to buildings or other structures.
400
A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level is called a ____________.
plateau
500
A fold in rock that bends upward into an arch is called a(n)______________.
anticline.
500
What type of earthquake wave can travel through both liquid and solids?
P waves
500
Geologists know that wherever plate movement stores energy in the rock along faults that : a) earthquakes are not likely b) earthquakes are likely c) an earthquake is happening d) an earthquake could never occur
b) earthquakes are likely
500
Earthquake waves that vibrate from side to side and up and down only through solids are known as ___________
S waves
500
Geologists use ____________ to measure the tilting of the ground along a fault.