Mountain ranges that are formed when two of the tectonic plates that make up the Earth's crust push together at their border. The extreme pressure forces the edges of the plates upwards into a series of folds.
What are fold mountains?
100
This type of volcano erupts explosively and forms on the boundaries of two plates.
What is a stratovolcano?
100
This rock is formed when liquid magma cools and hardens below the Earth's surface.
What is intrusive igneous rock?
100
This type of extrusive igneous rock forms when lava cools very quickly. It has a glassy look because it cools so quickly that there isn't time for crystals to form.
What is obsidian?
100
This is the metamorphic rock that forms from hot shale under high pressure.
What is slate?
200
These mountains are formed when large areas of bedrock is broken and forced up by tectonic shifts in the fault.
What are fold mountains?
200
This type of volcano does not form at the edge of a plate. It tends to have runny lava.
What is a shield volcano?
200
This rock is formed when igneous or sedimentary rock is exposed to the higher temperatures and pressure deep in the Earth's crust.
What is metamorphic rock?
200
This rock is the most common type of extrusive igneous rock.
What is basalt?
200
An intrusive igneous rock. Some of the oldest rocks on Earth, such as the Canadian Shield rocks of central and northern Ontario and Quebec.
What is granite?
300
A mountain that has soft sloping sides and is caused by magma pushing up the crust of the Earth, but not actually erupting and becoming a volcano. These mountains look like an overturned bowl, with a curved top and soft sides.
What is a dome mountain?
300
The name of a famous shield volcano, found on the island of Hawai'i.
What is Manau Lao?
300
This rock is formed from the hardening of liquid magma.
What is igneous rock?
300
This metamorphic rock forms from limestone that is heated under pressure. It is used by sculptors and architects.
What is marble?
400
This is the highest mountain in the world, and is getting still higher by 6 mm each year.
What is Mount Everest?
400
This is a famous stratovolcano in the Cascade Mountains, found in Washington State. It erupted in 1980.
What is Mount St Helens?
400
This rock is composed of layers of sediment.
What is sedimentary rock?
400
This metamorphic rock forms from the igneous rock granite under high temperature and pressure.
What is gneiss?
500
Melted rock, found beneath the Earth's surface.
What is Magma? Lava is melted rock, found above the Earth's surface.
500
This rock is formed when liquid magma cools and hardens above the surface of the Earth.
What is extrusive igneous rock?
500
This is a sedimentary rock made mostly from the parts of dead creatures that include calcium, such as shells and bones.