Cake
These represent a pattern of changes in a landscape over time and can often be seen in the walls of a canyon
Rock layers
These are the remains of living things that lived long ago, which help us understand ancient environments
Fossils
A scientist who studies the process and materials that make up the solid part of the Earth.
Geologist
If you see a canyon with many different rock layers in the walls and a river at the bottom, what is the most likely explanation for how the canyon was formed?
A river cut through the rock over a long time
What very rare rock take hundreds of millions of years to form in the Earth?
Diamond
If you find a marine shell fossil in a rock layer above a layer with a plant fossil, it tells you this happened to the land
It changed from land to water
This rule tells us that fossils found in the bottom layer of rock are usually _______ than fossils found in the top layer
older
Something that you can notice using any of your five senses
Observation
These show where land and water features, like mountains and rivers, are located on Earth.
maps
Once magma reaches the Earth's surface, it changes its name to this.
Lava
If a bottom rock layer has sandstone and the layer above it has mudstone, what happened to that area?
It went from a beach to a deep ocean.
If a scientist finds a fish fossil in the middle of a desert, it is evidence that the desert used to be this
A water environment, an ocean
Something you figure out using information you already know and information you have learned
Inference
This part of a map tells you what the symbols, like a little triangle for a mountain, actually mean.
map or legend
This is the name for melted, liquid rock while it is still inside a volcano.
magma
Small pieces of rock such as silt or sand
Scientists in icy Antarctica recently found fossils of tropical ferns and palm trees. This is evidence that the climate in Antarctica used to be ______.
warmer, hotter
Something scientists make to answer questions about the real world
model
This feature on a map shows you which way is North, South, East, and West.
Compass or compass rose
This is the specific type of rock where you are most likely to find fossils of ancient plants or animals.
Sedimentary rock
If there are 5 rock layers in one sample, what does that tell you about the environments of the past in that area?
That they environment has changed 5 times.
Coal is a rock we find underground made from the remains of ancient swamp plants. If we find a coal layer under a city, we know that millions of years ago, that city was a _______.
a swamp
To press together
compact
On most maps, this color is used to represent large bodies of water like oceans or lakes.
Blue
Over millions of years, weight and pressure do this to layers of sediment to turn them into solid rock.
Hint: the answer will look like this
________ and _______
Compact and Cement