What are the layers of the Earth, in order starting with the outermost layer?
Crust - Mantle - Outer Core - Inner Core
100
What is the name of the instrument used to record earthquake waves?
Seismograph
100
What is the name for the smaller earthquakes following the main shaking of the larger earthquake?
Aftershocks
100
Which type of volcanoes look beautiful but cause the most/ worst damage?
Composite volcanoes
100
What are the three types of volcanoes?
Composite, Cinder Cone, Shield
200
Which layer of the Earth contains the continents and the oceans?
Crust
200
What is the name of the plates that can rub past each other causing friction?
Transform Plates
200
What is the name for the point underground where an earthquake first occurs?
Focus
200
Hawaii is made up of many islands that are made from which type of volcano?
Shield volcanoes
200
Name two different things that earthquakes and volcanoes have in common.
-They are both formed (or caused) by plate movement.
-They both cause extreme damage to the Earth.
-They can cause each other.
-Most earthquakes and volcanoes happen along the Ring of Fire.
300
What is the name of the plates that pull away from each other?
Divergent Plates
300
What is a fault?
A break in the rock or crust, along which earthquakes can occur.
300
Which type of plate movement most commonly causes earthquakes?
Convergent plates
300
What is the difference between lava and magma?
Magma is underground, but when it comes to the surface, it is called lava.
300
What is the difference between the Inner Core and the Outer Core?
The Inner Core is a completely solid ball of rock and the Outer Core is made of liquid metal.
400
What are the names of the three different types of Earth's plates?
Divergent, Convergent, Transform
400
What is it called when part of a volcano collapses in on itself creating a basin?
Crater
400
Name three different ways earthquakes can cause damage to the Earth.
-They can cause landslides, avalanches, volcanoes, fires, tsunamis.
-They can destroy entire cities, roads, houses, buildings.
-They can kill people and animals.
400
How are composite volcanoes formed?
They are formed from alternating layers of lava and rock. They have many side vents that magma can flow through, and once the magma reaches the surface, it cools and hardens. This way the mountain keeps growing larger.
400
Mount St. Helen's is which type of volcano?
Composite
500
Why are there so many earthquakes and volcanoes along the Ring of Fire?
That is where a lot of Earth's plates come together. There is more opportunity for plate movement in that area.
500
What are continent sized slabs in Earth's crust?
Plates
500
What is an epicenter?
The point on Earth's surface directly above the focus of the earthquake.
500
Name two different ways that volcanoes can be good for the Earth.
-The ash and dust cloud contains some vitamins and gases that are good for the land.
-They can build up new land when the lava hardens.
-They can spread minerals and soil around.
-They provide good space for plants and animals to live uninterrupted.
500
Earth is not the only thing that has a core. Name three other items that also have a core.