Earth's Interior
List the different layers of Earth's Interior.
Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
Where do most earthquakes happen?
Along plate boundaries
Which layer of Earth's atmosphere is closest to the surface and contains most of the atmosphere's mass?
The troposphere
What is the most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere, making up 78% of the air we breathe?
Nitrogen
What is the primary function of the ozone layer in Earth's atmosphere?
Protects living things from UV radiation from the sun.
Which layer of Earth contains the densest materials, such as iron and nickel?
The core.
What is the point inside the Earth where rock breaks and an earthquake begins called?
The focus.
In which layer of the atmosphere does all weather occur?
The troposphere
Which gases in the atmosphere are responsible for trapping heat and contributing to global warming?
Greenhouse gas (including carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor)
What substance was primarily responsible for ozone layer depletion, leading to the ozone hole?
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
What are the two main factors that affect the distribution of Earth's layers?
Density and Gravity
Name the three types of seismic waves generated by earthquakes and identify which one causes the most damage.
Primary (P) waves, Secondary (S) waves, and Surface waves. Surface waves cause the most damage.
Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer, and what does the ozone layer protect us from?
The stratosphere; it protects us from UV radiation
What human activities are primarily responsible for the increase in greenhouse gas in the atmosphere?
Burning of fossil fuels, industrial farming, automobiles, and industry.
In which layer of the atmosphere is most the ozone layer found?
The stratosphere
Why is the inner core solid, even though it is extremely hot?
It is under intense pressure that keeps it in a solid state.
What is the difference between the focus and epicenter of an earthquake?
The focus is the point inside the Earth where the rock first breaks, causing the earthquake. The epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus and often experiences the most damage.
Name the layer that is known as the coldest layer in Earth's atmosphere.
The mesosphere
What are some of the environmental effects caused by global warming?
What are some harmful effects of increased UV radiation caused by ozone depletion?
What is the process called that occurs in the mantle, causing rock to circulate due to temperature and density differences?
Convection Currents
What are the Richter scale and Movement Magnitude scales?
They measure the magnitude of earthquakes based on seismic waves.
Explain why the thermosphere is the hottest layer of the atmosphere and what special layer it contains.
It is the hottest layer because it absorbs high energy radiation from the sun first. It contains the ionosphere, a layer of charged particles.
How can individuals and communities reduce the impact of global warming?
Reduce consumption and change behaviors (carpool, use public transportation, use renewable energy resources like solar, wind, and water energy)
What global effort was made to address the depletion of the ozone layer and what was the result?
The global ban of CFCs led to the recovery of the ozone layer.