Earth's Layers
outermost layer of the planet, cooled and hardened part of the Earth that ranges in depth from approximately 5-70 km - only 1% of entire volume of Earth
What is the crust
Name of the last supercontinent that present on Earth
Pangaea
Type of plate boundary that is found at Mid-Atlantic Ridge and identifies seafloor spreading
Divergent Plate boundary
This was developed for war, but was very useful in determining the terrain of the ocean
what is sonar
This wave can only travel through solids
S-wave
Mostly-solid bulk of Earth's interior - lies between the Earth's dense, super heated core and its thin outer layer crust
In the ocean, magma is forced upward through it
what is the mantle
How many years ago did Pangaea separate?
200 million years
Plate boundary that slides past one another - San Andreas Fault
Transform boundary
sediment that comes directly out of the MOR is what age
young
This wave is the first to arrive and travels by compression
P - wave
liquid - very low viscosity and very hot
What is the outer core
Lystrosaurus, glossopteris, and Cynognathus are examples of this
Fossil Evidence of Continental Drift
Plate boundary that comes together - forms mountain ranges
Plate is subducted beneath another
Convergent Boundary
This reverses and provides evidence of seafloor spreading (think about a compass)
magnetic polarity
point of origin of an earthquake
focus
Hot dense ball - due to intense pressure it remains solid
High pressure and density
What is the inner core
What are two types of evidence besides fossils that are examples of continental drift?
Puzzle pieces, matching coastlines, and mountain ranges
Weak flexible layer upon which Earth's lithospheric plates move
asthenosphere
The mid Atlantic ridge is moving apart at this rate every year
2.5 cm/year
place on Earth's surface directly about the focus
epicenter
These two metals make up the core of the Earth
iron and nickel
Name of the scientist who discovered continental drift
Alfred Wegener
solid, outer part of the Earth - included the brittle upper portion of the mantle and the crust
Divided into huge slabs called tectonic plates
what is the lithosphere
Where is sediment the thickest and where is it the thinnest on the globe?
Thickest - continent
Thinnest - oceans
scale that uses energy to determine earthquake magnitude
Richter scale