Layers
Continental Drift
Plate Tectonics
Boundaries
Diagrams!
100
List the layers of the Earth in order from the outside in.
What is:
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core.
100
Who is credited with the Theory of Continental Drift?
Who is:
Alfred Wegener
100
Explain how convection currents in the mantle work, causing the plates to move.
What is:
Hot rock in the lower mantle is less dense so it rises. As it cools in the upper mantle it becomes more dense and sinks. This repeats continuously.
100
What are the 3 main types of boundaries?
Convergent, divergent, transform
100
What layer of Earth does A represent?
What is:
inner core
200
Which layer of the Earth is responsible for our magnetic field?
What is:
the outer core
200
What is the name of the supercontinent land mass that Wegener named when studying continental drift?
Pangaea
200
Why is the Theory of Plate Tectonics most widely accepted and not the Theory of Continental Drift?
Plate tectonics explains the why and how behind the movement of the continents while continental drift could not explain the movement of the continents.
200
Most earthquakes occur along which type of boundary?
transform
200
What layer does C represent?
What is:
mantle
300
This characteristic (or process) of the mantle allows for the movement of the tectonic plates.
What is:
mantle convection/convection currents.
300
Continental Drift led to what current theory regarding the Earth and the constant movement of the crust?
Theory of Plate Tectonics
300
Mid-ocean ridges form at what boundary types
What is:
divergent boundaries
300
What EVENTS (at least two) do we often see occurring at plate boundaries?
Earthquakes and volcanoes - would also take tsunamis, subduction, crust building
300
What process is happening in this diagram?
What is:
subduction at convergent boundaries
400
What is the state of matter of the inner core and why?
Solid metal - the pressure is too great (even though it is VERY hot so you would think it would be a liquid)
400
What evidence did Wegener have to support his idea that the continents were once connected in a supercontinent.
What is same plant and animal fossil evidence, mountain ranges, and coal deposits across continents separated by water.
400
What type of rock is oceanic crust mainly composed of?
What type of rock is continental crust mainly composed of?
What is:
oceanic crust: basalt rock
continental crust: granite rock
400
Explain how divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries move
What is:
convergent- plates move towards each other
divergent- plates move away from each other
transform- plates move along side each other
400
What process is happening in this diagram?
What is:
seafloor spreading at divergent boundaries
500
How do we know about the layers of the earth if we can't directly observe them?
Seismology - evidence provided by studying seismic waves
500
How was Wegener's Theory of Continental Drift incorrect?
What is:
He thought the continents drifted along the ocean floor while they actually floated on the mantle due to convection currents
500
Explain the process of seafloor spreading
What is:
When divergent boundaries pull apart, magma rises from inside the earth, cools and hardens, creating "new" crust
500
What happens when dense oceanic crust converges with less dense continental crust?
What is:
Denser oceanic crust subducts below the less dense continental crust.
500
Which letter represents the "youngest" crust at this mid-ocean ridge?
What is:
Letter B