Earths Structure

Earth's Layers

100

This layer of Earth has two parts: continental and oceanic

Crust

200

crust and upper mantle make up this part of the Earth

Lithosphere

300

This layer is solid.

Inner Core

400

This layer is made of mostly liquid iron and nickel.

Outer Core

500

The layer where convection currents take place.

Mantle (asthenosphere)

Plate tectonics

100

The lithosphere is broken into these thick pieces

tectonic plates

200

When two tectonic plates move toward each other and collide

Convergent Boundary

300

When two tectonic plates move away from each other

Divergent boundary

400

When two tectonic plates slide past each other

Transform boundary

500

This boundary causes the more dense plate to be forced underneath

Convergent boundary

Earthquakes

100

Sudden shaking of Earth's crust when rocks deep in the crust release pressure and break as plates shift

Earthquakes

200

Waves of energy that travel through Earth's layers and result in an explosion or earthquake.

Seismic Waves

300

This type of wave travels faster than S waves and move in a longitudinal direction.

P Waves (primary waves)

400

An instrument that uses zig-zag lines to measure the intensity, direction, and duration of movement in the ground.

seismograph

500

This was developed to assign a number to show the amound of energy released during earthquakes; measures magnitude on a scale of 0-10

Richter Magnitude Scale

Volcanoes

100

Areas of earth's surface through which magma and gases pass.

Volcano

200

Where do we often find volcanoes?

Along plate boundaries, rift zones, and hot spots

300

This steep-sided volcano has violent, explosive eruptions and produce mostly ash and steam (very little lava).

Strato/Composite Volcano

400

This long, broad-shaped volcano has quiet, gentle eruptions and produce lots of thin basaltic lava.

Shield Volcano

500

This small volcano can have explosive eruptions and produce small lava flows. They can be found on the sides of larger volcanoes.

Cinder Cone Volcanoes

Misc.

100

The continents were once a single landmass that drifted apart was proposed by this person

Alfred Wegner

200

The continents once formed part of a single landmass

Pangea

300

This type of rock is made of pebbles, sand, shells, and fossils. It is formed when those materials are pressed and glued together.

Sedimentary Rock

400

This type of rock is formed when magma or lava cools and hardens.

Igneous Rock

500

This type of rock is formed under high temperatures (heat) and pressure. 

Metamorphic Rock