Rocks and Minerals
This kind of rock forms when melted rock cools and hardens.
Igneous Rock
The breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces by wind, water, or ice is called what?
Weathering
What is the bottom layer of soil called?
Bedrock
This landform is taller than a hill, what is it called?
Mountain
What type of map shows physical features like mountains and rivers (but not contour lines)? (Two-word answer)
Physical Map
This rock type forms when heat and pressure change another rock.
Metamorphic Rock
When pieces of rock are carried away by wind, water, or ice, that movement is called what?
Erosion
What is the surface layer of soil called?
Top soil
This landform is a deep, narrow valley with steep sides formed by water cutting into rock. What is it called?
Canyon
What map uses contour lines to show elevation and the shape of the land?
Topographic map
This rock type is made from bits of other rocks or fossils pressed together.
Sedimentary rock
When sediments are dropped in a new place after being carried by wind or water, that process is called what?
Deposition
What is the second layer of soil called?
Sub soil
What landform is made of wind-blown sand piled into hills?
Dunes
What is the Geologic time scale and the fossil record for?
The collection of fossils that shows what life was like in the past.
Tiny, naturally occurring solids in Earth that make up rocks are called what?
Minerals
When a rock is broken down by acid rain or rut is called what?
chemical weathering
The dark, decayed plant and animal material in soil that helps plants grow is called what?
Humus
What is the mouth of an ocean where sediments collect called?
Delta
What is a previous living thing persevered in rock called?
A fossil
Name two properties scientists use to identify minerals (pick any two).
color, hardness, streak, shape
Name two ways people can reduce erosion (give two methods).
plant roots hold soil in place, building terraces on hills, planting grass or trees, using walls or riprap to slow water, cover crops.
What are the three types of soil?
Clay, Silt, Sand
Name two slow or fast events that can change the land surface and say whether each is usually fast or slow.
Avalanche and landslides are fast, soil creep And glaciers are slow.
Give three things that are changing Earth's surface today.
erosion by water and wind, volcanic activity, earthquakes/landslides, glaciers moving, human activity like mining and construction.