Motives (E.P.R.I.T.)
The motive to get raw materials like rubber and cotton for factories.
What is the Economic motive?
This 1884-85 meeting was held by European powers to "carve up" Africa and avoid war among themselves.
What is the Berlin Conference?
Britain fought this war with China after the Chinese government tried to stop the smuggling of an addictive drug.
What are the Opium Wars?
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's nation, often with the desire for self-rule.
What is Nationalism?
Nationalism was a dividing force in these two large, multi-ethnic empires in Southern and Eastern Europe.
What are the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian Empires?
The motive to control strategic locations, like the Suez Canal, and gain national prestige.
What is the Political motive?
The most important long-term legacy of the Berlin Conference, these were drawn without regard for ethnic or linguistic groups.
What are arbitrary borders?
After its defeat, China was carved into these areas where foreign nations claimed exclusive trading rights.
What are Spheres of Influence?
He was "the sword" of Italian unification, leading his "Red Shirt" army to free southern Italy.
Who is Giuseppe Garibaldi?
The Ottoman Empire was known by this nickname because it was slowly crumbling from nationalist revolts.
What is the "Sick Man of Europe"?
Rudyard Kipling's poem on the "duty" of Europeans to "civilize" native peoples was a justification for this motive.
What is the Ideological motive (or "White Man's Burden")?
This Belgian king ran a brutal rubber trade in the Congo, leading to the deaths of millions.
Who is King Leopold II?
This 1857 uprising of Indian soldiers against the British East India Company led to direct British rule.
What is the Sepoy Rebellion?
He was "the brain" of Italian unification, a skilled diplomat and prime minister.
Who is Count Cavour?
This peninsula was home to many different ethnic groups (like Serbs, Greeks, and Bulgarians) all wanting independence.
What is the Balkan Peninsula?
This false application of "survival of the fittest" to human societies was used to justify imperialism.
What is Social Darwinism?
This form of rule, used by the French, involved sending European officials to directly govern the colony.
What is Direct Rule?
The period of direct British rule in India from 1858 to 1947.
What is the British Raj?
Otto von Bismarck's political philosophy of "the politics of reality," or doing whatever it takes to achieve your goals.
What is Realpolitik?
This nickname was given to the Balkans because nationalist tensions were so high, it only needed a "spark" to start a major war.
What is the "Powder Keg of Europe"?
New technologies like the Maxim Gun, steamships, and this medicine (which protected against malaria) made the conquest of Africa possible.
What is Quinine?
This independent nation, led by Menelik II, successfully fought off an Italian invasion at the Battle of Adwa.
What is Ethiopia?
This event in 1868 marked Japan's decision to rapidly modernize and industrialize to avoid colonization.
What is the Meiji Restoration?
Bismarck's famous speech declared that Germany would be united not by speeches, but by these two things.
What are "Blood and Iron"?
These two forces, the focus of our unit, were the primary long-term causes of World War I.
What are Imperialism and Nationalism?