Jacksonian Democracy
Who was the president most associated with the idea that government should represent the “common man”?
Andrew Jackson
What is the name for the practice of giving government jobs to political supporters?
Spoils System
The Nullification Crisis was a conflict between which two levels of government?
Federal government vs. state governments (specifically South Carolina).
Irish immigration increased dramatically in the 1840s because of what catastrophic event?
Potato Famine
The religious revival that encouraged social reform in the early 19th century is called what?
Second Great Awakening
During the Jacksonian era many states removed what requirement for white men, expanding the electorate?
property requirement
Supporters of the spoils system argued it allowed what type of people to participate in government?
Ordinary, everyday people
What term describes a tax on imported goods that played a major role in the Nullification Crisis?
Tarfiff
Many Irish immigrants settled in what kind of areas and worked in what kinds of jobs?
Cities/urban areas; low-paying labor jobs like factory work, canal or railroad labor, domestic service.
Name two reform movements inspired by the Second Great Awakening.
abolition, temperance, women’s rights (and education reform).
Jacksonian democracy primarily expanded political participation for which group?
White Men
Which president strongly opposed the Second Bank of the United States?
Andrew Jackson
What was South Carolina’s main claim about a state’s power over federal law during the crisis?
That a state could nullify (declare void) federal laws it judged unconstitutional.
What is the term for the belief that native-born citizens’ interests should be protected against immigrants?
Nativists
Who led the movement to expand public education and argued schooling should be available to all children?
Horace Mann.
Name one action Jackson took against the Second Bank of the United States.
vetoed the bank’s recharter bill; removed federal deposits and placed them in “pet banks”/state banks;
Explain why many people in the North supported tariffs while many in the South opposed them (give economic reasons tied to regional interests).
North supported tariffs to protect industry; South opposed tariffs because they raised prices on imports and hurt the export-driven economy; response: Jackson pushed the Force Bill and Congress lowered tariffs via compromise (Clay).
Why were Irish immigrants often targeted by nativists?
Irish Catholics; reasons included religious difference (Catholic vs. Protestant), poverty/class, job competition.
Which convention in 1848 was the first major meeting focused on women’s rights, and what was one major demand from that meeting?
Seneca Falls Convention
Define “gradualism” in the context of antislavery strategies and compare it to the position of immediate abolitionists — give one leader associated with immediate abolition.
Gradualism = ending slavery slowly over time (compensation, colonization, etc.). Immediate abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass called for immediate end to slavery.