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What were the factors that led to the end of the Mongol rule?
After Kublai Khan there were many weak rulers, the Mongols were weakened by failed conquests like Japan (spent lots of resources), government corruption
Who started the Ming Dynasty?
A military officer namer Zhu Yuanzhang (later called Hong Wu) became emperor
Who was the second emperor?
Hong Wu's son Yong Le
Where did Yong Li move the capitol from and to?
Nanjing to Beijing
What did Yong Li build?
The Imperial City and Forbidden City, where the royal family lived
What was the Imperial City?
A large area of palaces and government
What was the Forbidden City?
A area of gardens and palaces with thousands of rooms, where the emperor and his family lived (only top government officials were allowed to enter)
What did the Ming do to change China?
Brought back civil service exams, started a census and record keeping (taxes), revitalized trade, increased agricultures, paved new roads, and supported silk, cotton, and weaving cloth industries
How did the Ming revitalize trade?
They repaired and expanded the Grand Canal, build more roads, and rebuilt canals
What was a common form of entertainment and why did it flourish?
What were the novels mostly written in and what was a popular novel called?
Vernacular or everyday common languages, "Romance of the Three Kingdoms"
What was brought back that was banned by Mongols?
Dramas
The Chinese enjoyed watching drama performances that included what? (4)
Stories, dancing, music, and singing
Why did Ming emperors send 7 voyages all over the world?
They wanted to know more about the world, expand China's influence, trade, demonstrate China's power, and demand tribute from weaker kingdoms
What did the Ming emperors build for the voyages?
A large fleet of huge ships called junks
Who led the China voyages and what did he do?
Zheng He, spread Chinese goods and influence
What did Zheng He trade on the voyages?
Chinese goods like silk, paper, and porecelain
What did Zheng He bring back to China?
Visitors and animals that the Chinese had never seen which the emperor put in a zoo in Beijing (ex: giraffes)
Why did some government officials want to stop voyages in the mid-1400s?
They thought it cost too much and didn't want foreign influences in China
What did the Chinese do in result of ending the voyages?
They dismantled the ships, stopped building new ships, and fell behind technologically because they isolated themselves from the rest of the world
What European sailers came to China is 1514?
Portuguese sailors
What did the Portuguese sailors want and how did the Chinese react?
They wanted to trade and covert the Chinese to Christianity but the Chinese considered them uncivilized, leading to limited trade
How did the Ming fall?
Heavy tax on farmers lead them to revolt, northern enemies called the Manchus took advantage and took control of Beijing
What did the Manchus do after taking control of Beijing?
They set up the Qing Dynasty in 1644
What does Ming Dynasty mean?
"Brilliant" Dynasty