Biodiversity
The number of species in an ecosystem.
What is species richness?
Ecosystems are defined as the combination of _____ and _____ factors interacting with one anoter.
What are biotic and abiotic?
The most obvious sign of the "Sheep Fever" that overtook New England in the mid-1800s.
What are stone walls in the forest.
The type of trees that have cones, naked seeds and are wind pollinated.
What are gymnosperms?
The type of trees that require bees and other pollinators to produce viable seeds and fruit.
What are angiosperms?
The equation we used to quantify biodiversity.
What is the Shannon Biodiversity Index?
Two pieces of evidence that fire recently impacted a forest ecosystem in Vermont.
What are: uphill basal scars on older/larger trees, multiple trunked hardwood trees, charcoal on pieces of fallen wood.
The percentage of New England forest land that was cleared for agriculture in the 1800s.
What is 80%?
The species that produces acorns and has rounded lobes.
What is White Oak?
What is industrial agriculture? (or agricultural intensification i.e monoculture/insecticides).
The two variables required to calculate biodiversity.
What are species richness and relative abundance (pi).
The different feeding positions in a food chain or food web. (typically 4-5, and name them)
What are the trophic levels? producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, quaternary consumer.
The species of tree that came back in abundance when sheep pastures were abandoned.
What is White Pine?
One of the species that has been impacted by European forest pathogens.
What are Beech, Elm and Chestnut?
The part of the US where bee declines have been most dramatic.
What is the mid-west?
Biodiversity at the consumer (animal level) depends on biodiversity at this level.
The plant or producer level.
States that no two species can occupy the same ecological niche indefinitely.
What is the competitive exclusion principle?
The Vermonter who brought Merino sheep back to New England from Spain--resulting in "Sheep Fever."
Who is William Jarvis?
Two common coniferous trees on the VA campus.
What are White Pine and Eastern Hemlock?
The number of wild bee species found in the state of Vermont.
What is 350?
The equation for the Shannon Diversity Index.
What is H=-SUM(pi*LN(pi))?
If 1000 Calories of energy is produced by the plants on Bancroft Field, how much of that energy will be available for the tertiary consumers?
The people who lived in Vermont prior to European colonization and managed highly biodiverse forest ecosystems through hunting and controlled burns.
Who are the Nipmuc people?
A tree species with a compound leaf and wood that is coveted for baseball bats.
What is White Ash?
Five (of seven) families of bees.
What are: Apidae, Halictidae, Mechachilidae, Adrenidae, Colletidae, Melittidae, Stenotritidae?